CHBE 424:
Chemical Reaction Engineering
Introduction & Lecture 1
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
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What is Chemical Reaction Engineering
(CRE) ?
Understanding how chemical reactors work lies at the heart of
almost every chemical processing operation.
Stoichiometry
Kinetics
Basic molar balances Reactor volume
Fluid dynamics
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
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Reactor Design
Reaction
Stoichiometry
Kinetics: elementary vs non-elementary
Single vs multiple reactions
Reactor
Isothermal vs non-isothermal
Ideal vs nonideal
Steady-state vs nonsteady-state
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
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out
Kinetics
Reactor type Conversion
& &
size Material & selectivity
energy
balances
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
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Chemical Reaction
• A detectable number of molecules have lost their identity
and assumed a new form by a change in the kind or number
of atoms in the compound and/or by a change in the atoms’
configuration
• Decomposition
• Combination
• Isomerization
• Rate of reaction
– How fast a number of moles of one chemical species are
being consumed to form another chemical species
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
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Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
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System volume
Rate of Rate of Rate of
Rate of
flow of j - flow of j + generation of j - Rate of
decomposition =
into out of by chemical accumulation
of j
system system rxn
Non-Uniform Generation
system
If rj varies with position (because
the temperature or concentration
varies) then rj1 at location 1 is DV
Rate is rj1
surrounded by a small subvolume within this Rate is rj2
DV within which the rate is uniform DV volume within this
m V volume
G j lim rjDV rjdV
m→∞ i1
DV→0
1
111
then G j rj x, y, z dx dy dz
000
1 y
1 Plug in rj and integrate over x, y, and z
x
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
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System volume
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
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ln x y y ln x
x
ln x ln y ln
y
ln x ln y ln xy
a
Solve for X: ln bt 1 ln x ln y
b
a
b
ln bt 1 ln x ln y ln bt 1
a b
x
ln
y
x a b x
ln bt 1a b ln bt 1 y bt 1
a b
x
e e y y
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
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bn1 a n1
b b b
1
For n≠1: dx x n
dx x
n1
n 1
a x n
a a n 1 n 1
b 1 b b
For n=1: n dx
ln x
a ln b ln a ln
a x a
5
Solve
5 dx ct 1 c t 1 1 c t 0
2 dt t 0 5 1
d
for t: 1x d0 x 1 d
c c d
0.2 1 t 0.8 t 0.8 t
d d c
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
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k dc k dc
Solve for c: c dt
1 k t
d dt 1 k t
d c
t
1 c dc
k dt Do NOT move t or c outside of the integral
0 1 k dt c c 0
x x
From x dx 1 ε is a
Appendix A: 1 x
ln 1 x constant
0 0
t
1
k ln 1 k d t ln c c
c
kd 0 0
1 1
k ln 1 k d t ln 1 k d 0 ln c ln c 0
kd kd 0
k k c
ln k d t 1 ln c ln c 0 ln k d t 1 ln
kd kd c0
k c k k
ln k d t 1 ln ln k dt 1 c ln k d t 1
e d
k
e 0
kd c kd
e c0 e c
c0
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.