Farhan Ghiffari Iqbal Lail M. Faris Primayudha RMR (Rock Mass Rating) History The Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system, otherwise known as the Geomechanics Classification, was developed by the author during 1972-1973 (Bieniawski, 1973). It was modified over the years as more case histories became available and to conform with international standards and procedures (Bieniawski, 1979). Over the past 15 years, the RMR system has stood the test of time and benefited from extensions and applications by many authors throughout the world (Bieniawski,1989). These varied applications, amounting to 351 case histories, point to the acceptance of the system and its inherent ease of use and versatility in engineering practice, involving tunnels, chambers, mines, slopes, and foundations. Nevertheless, it is important that the RMR system is used for the purpose for which it was developed and not as the answer to all design problems (Bieniawski, 1989). Defenition Due to the RMR system having been modified several times, and since the method is interchangeably known as the Geomechanics Classification or the Rock Mass Rating system, it is important to state that the system has remained essentially the same in principle despite the changes. Thus, any modifications and extensions were the outgrowth of the same basic method and should not be misconstrued as new systems. To avoid any confusion, the following extensions of the system were valuable new applications but still a part of the same overall RMR system: mining applications, Laubscher (1977, I984); rippability, Weaver (1975); hard rock mining, Kendorski et al. (1983); coal mining, Unal (1983), Newman and Bieniawski (1986); dam foundations, Serafim and Pereira (1983); tunneling, Gonzalez de Vallejo (1983); slope stability, Romana (1985); and Indian coal mines (Venlcateswarlu, 1986). ' Aquifer An aquifer is a saturated formation of earth material which not only stores water but yields it in sufficient quantity. Thus, an aquifer transmits water relatively easily due to its high permeability. Unconsolidated deposits of sand and gravel form good aquifers (Subramanya, 2013). Aquifer merupakan lapisan bawah tanah yang dapat mengandung dan terlewati oleh air. Aquifer bekerja analog seperti reservoir pada sistem petroleum tapi yang dikandung adalah air
Lokasi aquifer Ilustrasi aquifer
Referensi Weight & Sonderegger, 2007, Manual of Applied Field Hydrogeology, McGraw-Hill Mandel & Shiftan, 1981, Groundwater Resources: Investigation and Development, Academic Press Toor, G. S. (2013). Groundwater science, 2nd edition. Journal of Environmental Quality, 42(5), 1602. doi:10.2134/jeq2013.07.0275br Sabramanya (2013). Engineering Hydrology. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2013. ISBN: 1259029972
