Safety Engineering and Disaster Risk

Management

Chapter 6
Safety Performance

Er. Umesh Sukamani

Khwopa Engineering College
 Safety Performance
Regulatory requirements related to safety
management and implementation of safety
management systems (SMS) mandate aviation
service providers to develop and maintain the
means to verify the safety performance of the
organisation.
The safety performance shall be verified in reference
to the safety policy and approved safety
objectives (safety performance targets) using
dedicated safety performance indicators.
Trends should be analysed and consequently,
corrective actions should be identified after
detecting any deterioration of specified safety
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 Safety Performance
Safety monitoring could be an important
source of information for measuring the
effective functioning of other SMS
components.
Safety monitoring and data collection
support the development of safety indicators
at national, regional and global level.

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 Safety Performance
Measuring a company’s health and safety
performance is just as important as measuring their
financial performance or their productivity
performance.
While health and safety performance measurements are
used as a tool to help prevent workplace injury and
disease, it is difficult to determine what performance
measurements a company should have in place to
effectively and efficiently prevent workplace injury and
diseases.

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 Why measure health and safety performance?
The main purpose of measuring a company’s health and
safety performance is to provide information on the
current status, as well as the progress of strategies and
processes used by the company to mitigate health and
safety related risks.
This information is beneficial because it helps to:
 Determine how the company’s health and safety
management system operates in practice
 Identify areas where remedial action is needed
 Provide a basis for continual improvement; and
 Provide feedback and motivation

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 Why measure health and safety performance?
Additionally, measuring a company’s health and safety
performance also enhances their decision making
process.
The measurement information helps in deciding:
 Where the company is relative to where they want to be
 What progress is necessary and reasonable given the
circumstances
 How that progress might be achieved against particular
restraints, such as resources or time
 The way progress might be achieved
 Priorities and effective use of resources.

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 When should a company’s safety performance be
measured?
 Measuring a company's health and safety performance is a
continuous process. However, similar to any other activity,
measurement should be both efficient and effective.
 Therefore, the frequency with which it takes place needs to be
planned appropriately and as such, the following factors
should be considered:
 Suitable intervals to ensure that specific planned milestones are
achieved
 Monitoring the progress with the plans is aligned with the
particular timescales for achievement
 The potential for change from one state to another over time, such
as during the initial design phase or whenever changes are made
which could impact on the operation of the system or when
information is obtained which indicates that the system as
designed has failed or is flawed

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 Who should measure health and safety
performance?
A company’s health and safety performance must be
measured at each level of management, starting with
the most senior management.
Additionally, the company will need to decide how to
allocate responsibilities for both the active and reactive
monitoring of performance at different levels in the
management chain.
Therefore, for measurement to be effective, there needs
to be performance standards in place—for example
who does what and when, and to what effect.

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 Injury Severity Rate
 Injury severity rate is the number of lost work days
experienced per 100 workers. The injury severity rate shows
the extent of safety anomalies by revealing how critical the
injuries and illnesses are.
 The theory is that an employee who takes time to return
to work after injury had a more severe problem than one
who can return immediately.
 Injury severity rate data is used to estimate the organizational
performance on safety. Injury severity rate shows the safety
performance and guides the requirement for training and
safety observations.

 Injury severity rate= numbers of days lost X 1,000,000

total no. of man hour worked

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 Injury frequency rate
 LTIFR refers to Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate, the
number of lost time injuries occurring in a workplace per
1 million man-hours worked.

 An LTIFR of 7, for example, shows that 7 lost time injuries

occur on a jobsite every 1 million man-hours worked. The
formula gives a picture of how safe a workplace is for its
workers.

 Lost time injuries (LTI) include all on-the-job injuries that

require a person to stay away from work more than 24 hours,
or which result in death or permanent disability.

 Injury frequency rate= number of injuries X 1,000,000

total no. of man hour worked
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 Injury frequency rate

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 Injury frequency rate

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 Use of injury rates:
To measures the injury experience of a
given department, branch or frim.
To determine from month to month or year
to year whether that experience is getting
better or worse.
To compare the experience of one operating
unit with one or more other units.
To serve as a basis for an accident
prevention contest between two or more
operating units.
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 In-plant appraisal methods
Just as production executives must continually watch and
check the quality of the product, the safety director must
continually watch and appraise both the effectiveness of
the safety program and the quality of the safety
performance.
The primary purpose is the elimination of employee
injuries, the frequency rate is almost universally used as a
gauge of performance.
Foreman and workers fail to report minor injuries, it is
difficult at best to get good reporting of the little injuries,
such as finger nicks, blisters and bruises.

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 In-plant appraisal methods
Close watch should be kept of the accident types and all
cases in which there is a reasonable chance that the
occurrence could have yielded a serious injury should be
carefully investigated.
A reliable barometer of safety activities should enable
corrective action to be applied before the injury rates
goes up. Safety activities is sum of :
 Safety recommendations made
 Unsafe practices reported
 Unsafe conditions reported
 The number of safety meetings held

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 Others methods of appraisal
The safety of a plant can also be gauged by
analysis of its physical conditions and
operating methods. But this requires wide
knowledge of conditions that produce accidents
and methods for their control.

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 Others methods of appraisal
Following factors are particularly valuable as a basis for
appraising plant conditions:
House keeping
Maintenance
Adequacy of equipment essential to safety
Provisions for worker comfort
Definite program of safety training

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 Others methods of appraisal
 House keeping
The relationship is so intimate that it can safety ve said that a
management’s standard of housekeeping is an excellent gauge of
its competency.

 Maintenance
The conditions of all equipment, safeguards, etc essential to
worker safety is valuable guide to the probability of injury.

 Adequacy of equipment essential to safety

Goggles, safety shoes, and other items of personal protective
equipment fall in this group. There is a wide range of accessory
plant equipment whose design, adequacy and condition are vital to
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 Others methods of appraisal
 Provisions for worker comfort
It would be difficult to appraise the relationship between accidents
and adequacy or inadequacy of such facilities as toilets,
washrooms, clothes lockers, drinking water, lunchrooms, etc but
good management pays careful attention to these things. Employee
attitude is powerfully affected by them.

 Definite program of safety training

Training in safe work practices is an essential of good safety
performance. To be effective, a definite program of safety training
should be set up. The appraiser should find what provisions have
been made for safety training and extent to which the program is
carried out.

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