Ferry
DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRICS
Faculty of Medicine – Universitas Padjadjaran
Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital – Bandung
2018
Objective: Fungal infections of the central nervous system (FICNS) are important causes of
morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised pediatric patients. Standard
diagnostic modalities lack the sensitivity for detecting and therapeutically monitoring these
life-threatening diseases. Current molecular methods remain investigational. (13)-β-D-
glucan (BDG) is a cell wall component found in several fungal pathogens, including Candida
and Aspergillus spp. Detecting BDG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be an important
approach for detecting and therapeutically monitoring FICNS. To date, there has been no
study that has investigated the effectiveness of CSF BDG as a diagnostic and therapeutic
marker of FICNS in children.
Method: Serial BDG levels were measured in serum and CSF samples obtained from pediatric
patients (aged 0–18 years) with a diagnosis of probable or proven Candida or Aspergillus CNS
infection.
Results: Nine cases of FICNS were identified in patients aged 1 month to 18 years. Two
patients were infected with an Aspergillus species, and 7 patients were infected with a
Candida species. All the patients at baseline had detectable BDG in their CSF. Among 7
patients who completed therapy for an FICNS, all elevated CSF BDG levels decreased to <31
pg/mL. At the time of this writing, 1 patient was still receiving therapy and continued to have
elevated BDG levels. One patient died from overwhelming disseminated candidiasis. The
lengths of therapy for these 9 children ranged from 2 weeks to 28 months.
Conclusions: The BDG assay is useful in diagnosing and therapeutically monitoring Candida
and Aspergillus CNS infections in pediatric patients.
Infeksi jamur pada sistem saraf pusat / Fungal infections of central nervous system (FICNS):
- Hematogenous Candida meningoencephalitis (HCME) dan
- Aspergillosis of the central nervous system (ACNS)
√ sulit didiagnosis
√ penyebab morbiditas dan mortlitas pada pasien anak dengan
imunocompromised
- Polimer karbohidrat (13)-β-D-glucan (BDG) komponen dari dinding sel pada jamur
patogen: Candida dan Aspergillus spp
telah secara luas digunakan untuk mendiagnosis candidemia dan
aspergillosis paru invasif.
- Belum ada penelitian tentang efektivitas BDG sebagai biomarker diagnostik
dan terapeutik FICNSpada anak
Kultur konvensional untuk mengetes cairan serebrospinal (CSF) kurang sensitif dalam
mendiagnosis dan memonitor terapi .
BDG pada cairan sebrospinal (CSF) dapat menjadi pendekatan baru untuk mendeteksi dan
memonitor pengobatan FICNS
Kultur CSS sebagai standar
FICNS umumnya berupa diagnostik FICNS:
HCME atau ACNS Sensitivitas yang rendah
missed diagnosis
• FICNS proven: hasil kultur CSS atau jaringan SSP (+) fungi patogenik
• FICNS probable: kultur positif fungi patogenik dari lokasi steril + temuan
klinis/radiologis bukti infeksi SSP + kadar BDG ~31 pg/mL
Ulasan rekam
Identifikasi subjek PENGUMPULAN
medis elektronik:
penelitian DATA
REDCap
• Karakteristik demografis
• Penyakit dasar
• Manifestasi klinis
Pemeriksaan serial BDG • Pemeriksaan diagnostik (kultur darah, urine, jaringan, CSS)
pada serum dan CSS • Lokasi pengambilan CSS
secara simultan • Hasil radiologis
• Terapi antibiotik
• Perjalanan penyakit
• Luaran penyakit
Berdasarkan validasi ulang, nilai normal BDG pada serum dan CSS didapatkan <31 pg/mL
KARAKTERISTIK SUBJEK
Litvintseva dkk: kadar BDG pada CSS bermanfaat dalam diagnosis dan
pengawasan terapi penderita infeksi SSP dengan etiologi Exserohilum
rostratum
Pemberian antifungal
Pencegahan paapran
secara akurat dalam
obat berlebihan
mengatasi FICNS
Keterbatasan