SYSTEMA LYMPHATICA

BERNARD SM HUTABARAT;dr,PAK
FACULTY OF MEDICINE – UPH
LIPPO VILLAGE KARAWACI
DEFINITION

SYSTEMA LYMPHATICA ( THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM ) IS A

NETWORK OF VERY FINE VESSELS OR TUBES CALLED
LYMPHATICS THAT DRAIN LYMPH FROM ALL OVER THE BODY.

LYMPHATICS ARE FOUND IN EVERY PART OF THE BODY

EXCEPT THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
 COMPONENTS OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

1. ORGANAE LYMPHATICAE ( LYMPHATIC ORGANS ):

1.1. TONSILLA ( TONSIL )
1.2. THYMUS
1.3. LIEN ( SPLEEN )
1.4. MEDULLA OSSIUM ( BONE MARROW )
2. DUCTUS LYMPHATICUS ( LYMPHATIC DUCT / VESSEL )
3. NODULI LYMPHATICI ( NN.LL , LYMPH NODES )
TONSILLA

. DUCTUS LYMPHATICUS
THYMUS
MEDULLA OSSIUM
LIEN
 ORIGIN OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
1. LATERAL PLATE MESODERM ( MESODERM SPLANCHNICUS ) :
1.1. LYMPH NODES
1.2. LYMPH VESSELS
1.3. SPLEEN
1.4. MYELOID TISSUE ( TISSUE IN BONE MARROW )
2. FORE GUT ( ENTODERM ) :
2.1. THYMUS
2.2. TONSIL

CONTENT OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM : LYMPH ( L :LYMPHA = “WATER

GODDESS ): A TRANSPARANT, COLORLESS OR SLIGHTLY YELLOW,
WATERY CLEAR FLUID, CLOSELY RESEMBLES TO BLOOD PLASMA
BUT MORE DILUTE, WITH SPECIFIC GRAVITY ± 1.015.
.
COMPOSED OF WATER. PROTEIN MOLECULES, SALTS, GLUCOSE, UREA
LYMPHOCYTES AND OTHER,

CONTENT OF LYMPH : IMMUNE CELLS ( LYMPHOCYTES )

 DEVELOPMENT OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM BEGINS TO DEVELOP BY THE END OF THE
5TH WEEK . CONNECTED TO DEVELOPMENT OF VENOUS CAPILLARY.

CONFLUENCE OF VENOUS CAPILLARIES

LOST CONNECTION WITH VENOUS CAPILLARY

1.LYMPHATIC SACS
(1ST JUGULAR SAC)

2. POSTERIOR SAC
(ILIAC & CARDINAL VEIN)
3.RETROPERITONEAL SAC
(ROOT OF MESENTERY)

4. CYSTERNA CHYLI
(OPPOSITE L2-4)
 DEVELOPMENT OF LYMPH VESSELS
LYMPH SAC
BUD OUT

PRIMITIVE LYMPH VESSELS

ELONGATION AND MIGRATION OF

LYMPHATIC ENDOTELIAL CELLS
( LEC )

INTERDIGITATION, VACUOLIZATION
& MATRIX DEGRADATION

LUMINOGINATION
 NODUS LYMPHATICUS ( LYMPH NODE )
BEAN/KIDNEY SHAPED, SIZE : FEW MILIMETERS - ± 1 – 2 CM.;
AMOUNT : 600 – 700 IN HUMAN AVERAGE, FORMS MOSTLY IN
CLUSTERS.

STRUCTURE OF LYMPH NODE :

1. CAPSULA NN.LL ( LYMPHATIC CAPSULE )
2. CORTEX NN.LL ( LYMPHATIC CORTEX )
3. AFFERENTES DUCTULI LYMPHATICI
( AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS )
4. HILUS NN.LL ( LYMPHATIC HILUM )
5. SINUS LYMPHATICUS ( LYMPHATIC SINUS )
6. NODULUS LYMPHATICUS ( LYMPH NODULE )
7. EFFERENTES DUCTULI LYMPHATICI
( EFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSEL )
 TONSILLA PALATINA ( TONSIL )
LOCATION :
LATERAL PART OF CAVUM ORIS ( MOUTH CAVITY ) IN FOSSA
TONSILLARIS ; BORDERED BY :
1. ARCUS GLOSSOPALATINUS ( GLOSSO -
PALATINE ARCH, ANTERIOR PILLAR OF
THE FAUCES ).
2. ARCUS PALATOPHARYNGEUS (PALATO –
PHARYNGEAL ARCH ; POSTERIOR PILLAR
OF THE FAUCES )
DEVELOPMENT.
1. SURFACE EPITHELIUM AND THE LINING
OF CRYPTA TONSILLARIS FROM ENTODERM OF THE 2 ND
SACCUS PHARYNGEALIS ( PHARYNGEAL POUCH )
2. RETICULAR FRAMEWORK SURROUND THE CRYPTS FROM
MESENCHYMAL CELLS..
3. CAPSULA TONSILLARIS DERIVED FROM CONDENSATION OF
MESENCHYME
 DEVELOPMENT OF THYMUS
SACCUS PHARYNGEALIS :
I
II
III WEEK 4 : ENTODERMAL DIVERTICULA
IV

:
LOOSE CONNECTION WITH PHARYNX
DESCENDING
( WEEK 4 – 7 )
THYREOID
THYMUS
 THYMUS
LOCATION :
PARTLY IN THE THORAX AND PARTLY IN THE
NECK, IN FRONT AND SIDES OF THE TRACHEA;
BEHIND MM.STERNOHYOIDEUS ET STERNO –
THYREOIDEA. EXTENDING FROM CARTILAGO
COSTAE 4 UPWARD AS HIGH AS THE LOWER
BORDER OF GLD. THYREOIDEA.
PINKISH GRAY COLOR,CONSISTS OF 2 LOBES,
SOFT WITH LOBULATED SURFACES.
WEIGHT AT BIRTH ± 15 GRMS, PUBERTY ± 35 GRMS THEN
GRADUALLYY DECREASES TO 25 GRMS ( 25 YRS ); 15 GRMS ( 60 )
AND 6 GRMS ( 70 ).
PRIMARY FUNCTION : PROCESSING & MATURATION OF T – CELLS
( T - LYMPHOCYTES, ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIBODY PRODUCTION )
ALSO PRODUCTION OF THYMOSINE HORMONE
.ADULTS : CORPUS ADIPOSUS RETROSTERNALIS / JUGULARIS
STRUCTURE OF THYMUS
 LIEN ( SPLEEN )
LOCATION’
LEFT UPPER QUADRANT OF ABDOMEN

UNDER COSTAE 9 - 11

DEVELOPMENT OF SPLEEN
WEEK 5 : MESENCHYME OVERLYING ENTODERM OF

PANCREAS
PROLIFERATION
MESOGASTRIUM DORSALE

CONTINUOUS DIFFERENTIATION
& MIGRATION TO L-UPPER QUADR
 PARTS OF LIEN ( SPLEEN )
LIEN IS THE LARGEST LYMPHATIC ORGAN; CONSISTS OF :
1. FACIES DIAPHRAGMATICA : CONVEX, UPWARD,
BACKWARD & TO THE LEFT.
2. FACIES VISCERALIS :
2.1. PARS GASTRICA(ANTERIOR): BROAD, CONCAVE,
FORWARD, UPWARD & MEDIALWARDS, NEAR ITS
BORDER LOCATED HILUS LIENALIS.
2.1. PARS RENALIS: RATHER FLATTENED, NARROWER,
MEDIAL & DOWNWARD
3. EXTREMITAS SUP : T 11, TOWARD COLUMNA VERT.
4. EXTR. INF (FACIES COLICA): FLAT AND TRIANGULAR
5. MARGO ANT.:FREE, SHARP, THIN, NOTCHED ( INCISU-
RA LIENALIS ).

6. MARGO POSTERIOR : MORE ROUNDED AND BLUNT

 PARTS OF SPLEEN

EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR ( T 11 )
MARGO ANTERIOR
MARGO POSTERIOR
PARS GASTRICA

INCISURA LIENALIS

PARS RENALIS
A/V LIENALIS

HILUS LIENALIS

EXTREMITAS INFERIOR
LIGAMENTAE ET VASCULARISATIO LIEN

TRIPUS HALLERI ( T 12 )

A..LIENALIS
 CHARACTERISTICS OF LYMPHATIC FLOW
1. ONLY IN 1 DIRECTION
LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES
LYMPH NODE

LYMPHATIC VESSELS
2. WITHIN ITS OWN SYSTEM
THROUGHOUT THE BODY

3. FLOWS INTO VENOUS BLOOD

STREAM THROUGH V. SUBLAVIA.
4. UPWARD FLOWS DEPEND ON
THE MOTIONS OF MUSCLES &
JOINT PUMPS BECAUSE NO
RELATIONSHIP WITH HEART.
5. FLOWS PASS THROUGH LYMPH NODES WHICH FILTER IT TO
REMOVE DEBRIS AND PATHOGENS
 FUNCTION OF THE LYMPH
1. AIDS IMMUNE SYSTEM REMOVE & DESTROY WASTE, DEBRIS,
DEAD BODY CELLS, PATHOGENS, TOXINS & CANCER CELLS.

2.. ABSORBTION OF FATS & FATS SOLUBLE VITAMINS FROM THE

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TO BE USED BY CELLS.

3. REMOVES EXCESS FLUID AND WASTE PRODUCTS FROM

THE INTERSTITIAL SPACES BETWEEN THE CELLS.

4. COLLECT AND RETURN INTERSTITIAL FLUID, INCLUDING

PLASMA PROTEIN TO BLOOD IN ORDER TO HELP MAINTAIN
FLUID BALANCE.
MECHANISM OF LYMPH FUNCTION
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

EFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS

FILTERED LYMPH
LYMPHNODE SWELLING
- FILTER WASTE PRODUCTS & FLUIDS
- LYMPHOCYTE KILL PRESENT PATHOGENS
- TRAP & DESTROY CANCER CELLS
LYMPHNODE

UNFILTERED LYMPH

AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS

 PRINCIPAL LYMPHATIC TRUNKS
:1. TRUNCUS LYMPHATICUS LUMBALIS :
1.1. LOWER LIMBS
1.2. PELVIC WALL & VISCERA
1.3. REN ( KIDNEY )
1.4. GLD. SUPRARENALIS ( ADRENAL GLAND )
2. TRUNCUS LYMPHATICUS INTESTINALIS:
2.1. GASTER ( STOMACH )
2.2. INTESTINUM
2.3. PANCREAS
2.4. LIEN ( SPLEEN )
2.5. PART OF THE LIVER
3. TRUNCUS LYMPHATICUS BRONCHO-MEDIASTINALIS
4. TRUNCUS LYMPHATICUS SUBCLAVIUS
5. TRUNCUS LYMPHATICUS JUGULARIS
 FLOW & DRAINAGE AREA OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
RIGHT LEFT

ANGULUS VENOSUS SIN.

ANGULUS VENOSUS
DEXTRA
DUCTUS THORACICUS

DUCT LYMPHATIC US
DEXTRA
CISTERNA CHYLI

UPPER RIGHT SIDE OF THE BODY

ANGULUS VENOSUS ( ANGLE OF VEIN ) : ANGLE FORMED AT THE

JUNCTION OF V. JUGULARIS INTERNA AND V. SUBLAVIA.
 DUCTUS THORACICUS
THE LARGEST LYMPHATIC VESSEL; ± 45 CM LONG AND ± 5 – 6 MM IN DIAMETER.
V. JUGULARIS INTERNA SINISTRA
ANGULUS VENOSUS SINISTRA.
V. SUBCLAVIA SINISTRA

C 7 ( CURVES POSTERIORLY TO THE LEFT )

) T 5 ( INCLINE TO LEFT SIDE TO MEDIASTINUM SUP. )

T 12 ( HIATUS AORTICUS DIAPHRAGMATIS )

DUCTUS THORACICUS
CISTERNA CHYLI ( RECEPTACULUM CHYLI; L 2-4 )
RIGHT SIDE, DORSAL TO AORTA

the su
 SOURCES

1. Basmajian;J.V : Grant’s Method of Anatomy

2. Gray’s Anatomy of the Human Body
3. John F Neas : Embryology Atlas : Lymphatic
system
4. Langman, Jan : Medical Embryology
5. Mader, Sylvia S : Understanding Human Anatomy
& physiology.
6. Thomas A. Marino, PhD : Development of the
Pharyngeal arches
7. UNSW : Embryology
09/24/18