• Pertanian
Konvensional:
• Maksimal produksi
• Maksimal profit
AGROECOLOGY
What is agroecology?
Agroecology is
a scientific discipline that uses ecological
theory to study, design, manage and evaluate
agricultural systems that are productive but
also resource conserving
concerned with the maintenance of a productive
agriculture that sustains yields and optimizes
the use of local resources while minimizing the
negative environmental and socio-economic
impacts of modern technologies..
Agroecology
Science, technology, object, goal & motivation
Ecological principles
1. Enhance recycling of biomass and optimizing nutrient
availability and balancing nutrient flow.
2. Securing favorable soil conditions for plant growth, particularly
by managing organic matter and enhancing soil biotic activity.
3. Minimizing losses due to flows of solar radiation, air and water
by way of microclimate management, water harvesting and
soil management through increased soil cover.
4. Species and genetic diversification of the agroecosystem in
time and space.
5. Enhance beneficial biological interactions and synergisms
among agrobiodiversity components thus resulting in the
promotion of key ecological processes and services
The science of agroecology, which is
defined as the application of ecological
concepts and principles to the design
and management of sustainable
agroecosystems, provides a framework
to assess the complexity of
agroecosystems (Altieri, 1995).
Pertanian sehat
(sustainable
agriculture):
menggunakan prinsip-
prinsip ekologis
penurunan penggunan
pupuk buatan dan
memberikan pupuk
organik
penggunaan pestisida
organik
pengendalian HPT secara
terpadu
Characteristics Agroecosystem Natural
Ecosystem
Productivity High Low
Species diversity Low High
(monoculture)—
can use crop
rotation and
intercropping to
stabilize more
Genetic diversity Low High
within species
Plant life-cycles Few All, more
present perennial
Competition Negative Tolerable
(ecological niche)
Flowering, plant Synchronized Seasonal
maturing
Nutrient Cycles Open Closed
Permanence Short Long
Human Control High Low
Ecological Maturity Early, immature Mature, climax
Sistem pertanian seperti apa yang dibutuhkan?
Extensif
Intensif
Foto: Cho
Soal:
Jelaskan pengertian dari ekologi
pertanian
Jelaskan tentang sistem pertanian
konvensional
Jelaskan mengapa sistem pertanian
konvensional tidak sustainable dan
bagaimana solusinya
Jelaskan prinsip-prinsip ekologi
Tugas untuk mahasiswa:
Mencari kasus kerusakan lingkungan
pertanian dalam kaitan dengan sistem
pertanian konvensional
Mencari contoh kebutuhan Sistem Produksi
Pangan yang berlanjutan.