Parts of Speech

 Review
Relative Pronouns
 Relative Pronouns
 Who
 Relative Pronouns
 Who
 Whom
 Relative Pronouns
 Who
 Whom
 Whose
 Relative Pronouns
 Who
 Whom
 Whose
 Which
 Relative Pronouns
 Who
 Whom
 Whose
 Which
 That
 Relative Pronouns
 Who
 Whom

 Which
 That
 Relative Pronouns
 Who
 Whom
 WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
 Which
 That
 Relative Pronouns
 Who PEOPLE
 Whom
 WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
 Which
 That
 Relative Pronouns
 Who PEOPLE
 Whom ANIMALS WITH NAMES
 WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
 Which
 That
ANIMALS WITH NAMES
ANIMALS WITH NAMES
 ANIMALS WITH NAMES
Barbaro, the horse that won the Kentucky
Derby, had to be put down.
 ANIMALS WITH NAMES
Barbaro, the horse who won the Kentucky
Derby, had to be put down.
 ANIMALS WITH NAMES
Barbaro, the horse who won the Kentucky
Derby, had to be put down.

The wild horses who roamed the prairies were

as fast as the wind.
 ANIMALS WITH NAMES
Barbaro, the horse who won the Kentucky
Derby, had to be put down.

The wild horses that roamed the prairies were

as fast as the wind.
 ANIMALS WITH NAMES
The dog who barked all night kept me awake.
 ANIMALS WITH NAMES
The dog that barked all night kept me awake.
 ANIMALS WITH NAMES
The dog that barked all night kept me awake.

Lassie was the dog that saved her master.

 ANIMALS WITH NAMES
The dog that barked all night kept me awake.

Lassie was the dog who saved her master.

 Relative Pronouns
 Who PEOPLE
 Whom ANIMALS WITH NAMES
 WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
 Which
 That
 Relative Pronouns
 Who PEOPLE
 Whom ANIMALS WITH NAMES
 WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
 Which
 That THINGS
 Relative Pronouns
 Who
 Whom
 WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
 Relative Pronouns
 Who serves as the subject of
the relative clause.

 Whom serves as indirect

object, direct object or
object of the preposition.
 Relative Pronouns
 Who serves as the subject of
the relative clause.

 Whom serves as indirect

object, direct object or
object of the preposition.
 Relative Pronouns
 MEMORY TIP
 Relative Pronouns
 MEMORY TIP
Follow the m.
 Relative Pronouns
 MEMORY TIP
Follow the m.
Whom:them:him (her).
Ask the question in the clause.
 Relative Pronouns
 MEMORY TIP
Follow the m.
Whom:them:him (her).
Ask the question in the clause.
If the answer would be him
(her) or them, then you use
whom.
 Relative Pronouns
 The Oshkosh children whom
police said were locked out
of their house were taken to
a shelter.
 Relative Pronouns
 The Oshkosh children whom
police said were locked out
of their house were taken to
a shelter.
 Whom were locked away?
 Relative Pronouns
 The Oshkosh children whom
police said were locked out of
their house were taken to a
shelter.
 Whom were locked away?
 Them were locked away.
 Relative Pronouns
 The Oshkosh children whom
police said were locked out of
their house were taken to a
shelter.
 Whom were locked away?
 Them were locked away. NOT.
 Relative Pronouns
 The Oshkosh children who
police said were locked out of
their house were taken to a
shelter.
 Whom were locked away?
 Them were locked away. NOT.
 Relative Pronouns
A prize was given to the student
whom was deemed most
deserving.
 Relative Pronouns
A prize was given to the student
whom was deemed most
deserving.
Whom was deemed most
deserving?
 Relative Pronouns
A prize was given to the student
whom was deemed most
deserving.
Whom was deemed most
deserving?
Him was deemed most
deserving.
 Relative Pronouns
A prize was given to the student
whom was deemed most
deserving.
Whom was deemed most
deserving?
Him was deemed most
deserving. NOT.
 Relative Pronouns
A prize was given to the student
who was deemed most
deserving.
Whom was deemed most
deserving?
Him was deemed most
deserving. NOT.
 Relative Pronouns
The man whom the woman said
raped her was described as tall
and skinny.
 Relative Pronouns
The man whom the woman said
raped her was described as tall
and skinny.
Whom raped her?
 Relative Pronouns
The man whom the woman said
raped her was described as tall
and skinny.
Whom raped her?
Him raped the woman. NOT.
 Relative Pronouns
The man who the woman said
raped her was described as tall
and skinny.
Whom raped her?
Him raped the woman. NOT.
Going on a which hunt
 Going on a which hunt
 The house that is painted pink has
just been sold.

 The house, which is painted pink,

has just been sold.
 Going on a which hunt
 The cup that he stepped on is in
the trash.

 The cup, which he stepped on, is

in the trash.
 Essential clause
 Essential to identify which one you
are referring to.
 Needs to be close—so no comma.
 Introduced by “that.”
 Nonessential clause
 Not essential to identify which one
you are referring to.
 A “by the way” piece of
information.
 Need not be close—so commas.
 Introduced by “which.”
Memory trick
 Memory trick
 Use that to tell which …
 Memory trick
 Use that to tell which …
(to specify one of many)
 Memory trick
 Use that to tell which …
(to specify one of many)
And which to tell that
 Memory trick
 Use that to tell which …
(to specify one of many)
 And which to tell that
(simply providing more info)
 ‘who’ & ‘, who’
 Relative clauses introduced by who
may also be either essential or
nonessential.
 The doctor who performed the
operation was very kind.
 The doctor, who performed the
operation, was very kind.
 What’s wrong?
 The Hall of Fame player that I
most admired was on the
Baltimore Colts.
 What’s wrong?
 The book which she dropped on
the ground was called “Grammar
for Dummies.”
 What’s wrong?
 The car which caused the accident
was chased by the police.