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words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words

EFFECTIVE
words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words
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words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words
words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words
words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words

VOCABULARY
words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words
words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words
words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words
words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words
words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words
words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words

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You will learn . . .
 What is effective vocabulary?
 Why learn more words?
 How many words to learn?
 Which words to learn?
 ‘Knowing a word’ means?
 How to learn words?
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Effective Vocabulary

The right word


in the right form
in the right place.
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What is a Word?

 one or more letters or sounds


 smallest unit for independent use
 separated by spaces in writing
 chief carrier of meaning

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Why learn more words?
 to speak & write better
 to listen & read better
 to think clearly & powerfully
 to invite more ideas
 to communicate effectively
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How many words to learn?
 1,000 words for a basic conversation
 2,000 words to survive through the day
 10,000 words for university education

Word frequency studies prove


20% words serve 80% needs
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Which words to learn?

New

Expressive
Important

 New vs known
 Important vs not-so-important
 Expressive vs receptive
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Knowing a word means . . .
knowing its

Form Grammar Collocation Meaning

Appropriate Meaning
Denotation Connotation
ness Relation

Spelling Pronunciation

Synonyms Antonyms

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How to Learn Words - 1
Discovery Strategies
 Increased exposure
 Incidental learning
 Guess from context
 Use dictionary
 Ask someone
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Guessing Meaning
It was at the water queue that
Perumayee learnt to fight,
push and shove. “If you stand
there like a dumb idiot, you
will come home with an empty
bucket”, screamed Amma.
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Use Dictionary

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Use a Thesaurus
The little boy slipped,
tripped, stumbled, tumbled,
dropped and fell, but
continued his journey till he
was ankle-deep in the cold,
blue, white and wonderful
water in the river.
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Learn to Ask

“What’s the word for ___ in English?”


“How do you say____ in English?”
“What does ____ mean?”
“It’s a kind of _____ .”
“It’s like a _____ .”

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How to Learn Words - 2
Memory Strategies
 Memorize
 Use meaning relations
 Use word parts
 Use imagery
 Mnemonics
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Spelling
Spell these words right?

apparant, wisper, facinate,


conjuror, conseal, savege,
guinia-pig, orkestra
apparent, whisper, fascinate,
conjurer, conceal, savage,
guinea-pig, orchestra
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Learning Spelling
rrpaey
eitskr
ypnrue
ghtrsent
deenrrrsu
filters
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Learning Spelling

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Pronunciation
coup, diaphragm, bomb,
pseudonym, thumb, corps,
pneumonia, reign, psalm
/kuː/, /ˈdaɪəfræm/, /bɑm/,
/ˈsjuːdənɪm/, /θʌm/, /kɔː(r)/,
/njuːˈməʊniə/, /reɪn/, /sɑːm/
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Learning Pronunciation

 Use a dictionary
 Listen to newscasts

 Listen carefully

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Synonyms
Thin
Slim
Slender
Skinny
Lean
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Antonyms

Was he _______ (slavish)?


Was he _______ (sad)? The
question is _______
(meaningless). Had anything
been _______ (right), we
should _______ (doubtfully)
have heard.

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Homophones
Aloud – allowed
Peace – piece
Hire – higher
Root – route
Might – mite
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Homonyms

Rise – raise
Book – book
Bank – bank
Story – storey
Knees – niece
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Collocation

Heavy rain
Strong wind
Mobile phone
A quick meal
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Collocation
homework, effort,
mistakes, something,
copies, a job
Make
Make Do
Do
effort money homework whatever
mistakes judgments a job gardening
copies sure something work
a difference anything
sense things
a decision nothing
well
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Lexical Web

 Liner  Port-hole
 Cabin  On board
 Berth  Steward
 Deck  Smoking room

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Root Words
Match the root words on the left with their meanings:

Root Meaning
chrono year
bell short
arthro color
chrom war
vit believe
cred joint
brev life
ann time
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Grammar
The studiousness of the
studious student who
studied studiously at the
students hostel during
the study hours was
appreciated.
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Using Images
Sunshine Lightning

Puddles Raindrops

Hailstorm Snowflakes

Frost Weather
Forecast
Flood Drought

Tidal wave Tornado

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Mnemonics

 Stop Fooling Around, Now


Delightful Music

 Abscond – absent in a second

 My very easy method: just


set up nine planets

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How to Learn Words -3
Metacognitive Strategies
 Set learning goals
 Conscious effort
 Practice
 Test yourself
 Review repeatedly
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Practice, more practice
 Written repetition
 Spoken repetition
 Word lists
 Word Association
 Vocabulary notebooks

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Send your comments to

lionnagaraju@gmail.com

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