ASKING AND TELLING

ABOUT MEASUREMENT
Group 8 :
1. Dimas Angger I (151001010)
2. Ferdy Yuswan A (151001015)
3. Rizki Putri Isnain (151001038)
4. Shinta Lukita Kirana P (151001039)
 THERMOMETER

Thermometer is basic equipment forn

check human body temperature.
Thermometer have a variety of different
types for example as digital,mercury,and
many other. The thermometer is also
placed in different part of body.Like in the
mouth,in the armpit,and in the anus.
 In digital thermometer, turn on the thermometer by
pressing the button in the thermometer.
In manual or mercury thermometer, look the needle
on the thermometer. If it 0 it can be directly used but if
it has not reached 0 then shuffle until the needle back
to 0.
Then,Place thermometer on certain parts body
(Ex armpit,mouth,anus) and wait until thermometer
sound is heared( For digital) and wait 1 minute (for
mercury)
 Electronic
thermometer

Tympanic membrane
thermometer
 Temporal artery
thermometers are non invasive
and well tolerated by young
children. For an accurate
reading, move hair to expose
forehead and hairline.

Disposable paper
thermometer. The dots
change color to
indicate temperature
mercury thermometer digital thermometer

thermometer pacifier thermometer strip

 STETHOSCOPE

Auscultatoric measurement devices

determine blood pressure by monitoring
Korotkoff sounds.
The pressure at which this sound is first
detected is the systolic blood pressure.
The cuff pressure is further released
until no more sound can be detected at the
diastolic arterial pressure.
STETHOSCOPE
 SPYHMOMANOMETER

There are three types

of sphygmomanometers used to measure
blood pressure: mercury, aneroid, and digital.
Reading blood pressure by auscultation is
considered the gold standard by the Heart,
Lung and Blood Institute.

Subject :
Position: supine, seated,
standing.
In seated position, the
subject's arm should be flexed.
The flexed elbow should be
at the level of the heart.
If the subject is anxious,
wait a few minutes before
taking the pressure.
Precautions
■ Aneroid and digital manometers
may require periodic calibration.
■ Use a larger cuff on obese or
heavily muscled subjects.
■ Use a smaller cuff for pediatric
patients.
■ For pediatric patients a lower
blood pressure may indicate the
presence of hypertension.
■ Don't place the cuff over
clothing.
■ Flex and support the subject's
arm.
Sphygmomanometer Mercury

Digital Sphygmomanometer

Aneroid sphygmomanometer
 VISUAL ACUITY CHART

Visual acuity (VA) is a measure of the

ability of the eye to distinguish shapes and
the details of objects at a given distance. It
is important to assess VA in a consistent way
in order to detect any changes in vision. One
eye is tested at a time.
 Indications :
■ To provide a baseline Equipment :
recording of VA
■ Multi-letter Snellen or E chart
■ To aid examination and
diagnosis of eye disease or ■ Plain occluder, card or tissue
refractive error ■ Pinhole occluder
■ To assess any changes in ■ Torch or flashlight
vision
■ Patient's documentation.
■ To measure the outcomes of
cataract or other surgery.
 SCALE

Definition: measurement is the assignment of numbers

to objects

Scale have 4 form,it is :

First: Nominal
Second: Ordinal
Third: Interval
Fourth: Ratio

The scales are distinguished on the relationships assumed

to exist between objects having different scale values.The
four scale types are ordered in that all later scales have all
the properties of earlier scales—plus additional properties
Nominal Scale
•Not really a ‘scale’ because it does not scale objects along any
dimension
•It simply labelsobjects
Ordinal Scale
•Numbers are used to place objects in order
•But, there is no information regarding the differences (intervals)
between points on the scale
Interval Scale
•An interval scale is a scale on which equalintervalsbetween objects,
represent equaldifferences
•The interval differences are meaningful
•But, we can’t defend ratiorelationships
Ratio Scale
•Have a true zero point
•Ratios are meaningful
•Physical scales of time, length and volume are ratio scales
•We can say that 20 seconds is twice as long as 10 seconds