Human Digestive

system
 Human Digestive
System

Digestion is the process of converting food

of large size into smaller size and smooth,
as well as foods that break down complex
molecules into simpler molecules by using
enzymes and digestive organs
The process of digestion in the human
body can be divided into two kinds,
namely:
The process of mechanical digestion :
That is the process of changing the form of
1. food into small shapes or rough and smooth.
mechanical digestion is done by using teeth

The process of chemical digestion (enzymatic)

2. That is the change of the substance of
complex food substances into simpler by
using enzymes.
The process of digestion in humans involves
the digestion of food equipment. The digestive
tract can be divided into two :
1. Digestive tract
2. Digestive gland.
Digestive tract consists of several organs in a row
starting from the mouth (cavum oris), gullet
(esophagus), stomach (ventrikulus), small intestine
(intestinum), large intestine (colon) and rectum

Digestive gland is comprised of the salivary glands,

lymph stomach, liver (hepatic), and pancreas.
* Digestive tract *
 1. Mouth
The digestive process begins
from the food into the mouth.
In the mouth there are tools
that help in the digestion
process, the teeth, tongue, and
salivary glands (saliva). In the
oral cavity, the food suffered
mechanical and chemical
digestion. Some organs in the
mouth, they are:
A. Teeth

Dental work to chew food

so that food becomes
smooth. This situation
allows the digestive
enzymes to digest food
more quickly and efficiently.
b. tongue
The tongue serves to stir the food in the oral cavity and
help push food (swallowing). In addition, the tongue also
serves as a taster to taste sweet, salty, bitter, and sour.

The location of each flavor is different, namely:

1. Saltiness -> front edge of the tongue
2. Sweet taste -> tongue the tip
3. Sour taste -> tongue side
4. Bitter taste -> tongue the back / base of tongue
The tongue has a receptor
specifically related to
chemical stimuli. The tongue
is an organ made up of
muscle. The surface of the
tongue is coated with a layer
of epithelium that contains
mucous glands and taste
receptors such as taste buds.
C. Salivary gland

The salivary glands produce saliva. Salivary

glands in the oral cavity are three pairs,
namely:

1. Parotid gland, located below the ear.

2. Submandibularis gland, located in the
lower jaw.
3. Sublingualis gland, located under the
tongue.
2. esophagus

Gullet (esophagus) is the

conduit between the
mouth to the stomach.
The esophagus serves as
a way for the food that
has been chewed from
the mouth to the
stomach .
Throat muscles that contract to
produce movement in waves that
push food into the stomach.
 3. Side

Gastric (ventrikulus) is a large sac

that is located on the left side of
the abdominal cavity as the site
of a number of digestive
processes. Hull consists of three
parts, the upper (cardiac), the
center of the rounded (fundus)
and the bottom (pylorus).
Gastric wall serves as a
digestive gland that
produces sap stomach.
The sap contains water
gastric mucus (mucin),
gastric acid, the enzyme
renin, and enzyme
pepsinogen. The sap is
acidic stomach as much
stomach acid.
4. small intestine
 
Intestine (intestinum) is the absorption
of nutrients and the occurrence of the
long digestive process. The small
intestine consists of:

1. Duodenum (duodenal)
2. Intestinal empty (jejenum)
3. Intestinal absorption
(ileum)
 Gland in the small intestine

* Enterokinase, activate proteolytic

enzymes.
* Eripsin, enhance digestion of
proteins into amino acids.
* Lactase, Lactase transform into
monosaccharides.
* maltose Convert maitosa into
monosaccharides.
* Sucrose convert sucrose into
monosaccharides.
5. pancreas
The pancreas produces pancreatic lymph
containing enzymes as follows:

1. Amilopsin (pancreatic amylase)

That is the enzyme that converts starch (starch)
into simpler sugars (maltose).
2. Steapsin (pancreatic lipase)
That is the enzyme that converts fat into fatty
acids and glycerol.
3. trypsinogen
If not active, it will be turned into trypsin, an
enzyme that converts protein into peptone and
amino acid dipeptide that is readily absorbed
by the small intestine.
7. Colon

In the colon are bacteria Escherichia coli. These bacteria help in the decay process food waste into
feces. In addition to rotting food waste, bacteria E. coli also produce vitamin K. Vitamin K plays an
important role in the blood clotting process.
Colon
6. anus
It is a hole where feces disposal of the
body. Prior to discharge through the anus,
the feces collected first in the rectum.
There are some disorders or abnormalities that
may occur in our digestive system, including:

1. Gastritis
2. Hepatitis
3. Diarrhea
4. Constipation
5. Appendicitis
6. Hemeroid / Hemorrhoids / Ambeyen
7. Ulcer
8. Poisoned
9. Gastric Ulcers
10. Malnutrition (malnutrition)
Sistem pencernaan hewan
memamah biak

Hewan memamah biak ( ruminansia )

memiliki saluran pencernaan yang terdiri
dari :
Mulut,keronkongan, rumen (perut besar),
reticulum (perut jala), omasum ( perut
rectum) dan anus.
1. Siska Metekohi
2. Viesta Sampe
3. Juen Carla Warella