Intelligent Underlay Overlay: Bsspar For S9

Intelligent Underlay Overlay
BSSPAR for S9
204 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

INTELLIGENT UNDERLAY OVERLAY
Terminology 1/3
f8
f4
f6
f14
f7
f10
f12
f15
f5 f9
f11
f13

Terminology 2/3
• Regular BCCH-TRX
f3
• super-reuse TRX
f3
f2
• different frequence reuse
f1
patterns
f2 f1
• Super reuse frequencies form
the underlay network where
frequencies are reused very
f3 intensively to produce the
extended capacity
f3 f2 f1 • interference limited dominance
areas in super-reuse TRXs
f2 f1 • selection between
regular/super-reuse TRXs
based on C/I ratio
• call setup to regular TRX
• inter cell HO always to regular
TRX
Terminology 3/3
Using Intelligent Underlay-Overlay concept with
microcells
f3
f3
f2 f1
f2 f1
f1
• Microcells to hot spots (microcells

f3
f1 using only super frequencies are
called child cells)
f3 f2 f1
• Calls are established only in the
f2
regular TRXs
f1
• Microcell interference is
estimated by using closest
regular TRX as a reference
(compare C/I based handover
candidate evaluation)
SuperReuse and Regular frequencies
f1 f1
f1
f1
f1
f1
In order to avoid interference caused by tight Regular frequency is used when the mobile is
frequency reuse, the super reuse frequencies are further away from the BTS where RxLev would be
intended to serve MS which are close to the BTS. low and co channel interference high.
trxFrequencyType (FRT) 0 … 16 TRX

Intelligent Underlay-Overlay
Regular layer (reuse = 12) Regular layer (reuse = 12)
Regular layer (reuse = e.g. 12) Regular layer (reuse = e.g. 12)
 Service region of super layer controlled by interference

(superReuseGoodCIThreshold)
 Call handed over from super layer to regular layer when
interference becomes excessive (superReuseBadCIThreshold)
<-------- Interference region ---------->
Super layer (reuse = e.g. 7) Super layer (reuse = e.g. 7)

EXAMPLE: HANDOVER TO SUPER REUSE CELL (1/6)
OVERLAY
REGULAR FREQUENCY f8
f4
f1
’
UNDERLAY
SUPER REUSE FREQUENCY
f1
INTERFERENCE
• one TRX used as a super reuse frequency ( f1 )

• f1’ is also a super reuse frequency in the adjacent cell
• one TRX used as a regular frequency ( f4)
• f8 is a regular frequency and is in the adjacent cell to f4
• SuperReuseGoodCIthreshold is 15 dBm
INTELLIGENT UNDERLAY
OVERLAY
• downlink RXlev measurements:
• f1= -105dBm
• f4= -105 dBm
OVERLAY
• f1’= -90 dbm
f8
REGULAR FREQUENCY • f8= -90 dBm
f4
f1’
UNDERLAY
f1
• a call on progress
• serving cell frequency is f8
• a mobile moving further from
f8

• f1= -89dBm
• f4= -89dBm
• f1’= -95 dbm
OVERLAY
f4 f8
f1’
UNDERLAY
f1

• f1= -89dBm
• f4= -89dBm
• f1’= -95 dbm
OVERLAY
REGULAR FREQUENCY • f8= -95 dBm f8
f4
f1’
UNDERLAY
f1
• handover is executed to f4
• Note: f1 can not be chosen, call is always handed over to
regular frequency first

• f1= -80dBm
• f4= -80dBm
• f1’= -96 dbm
OVERLAY
f8
f4
f1’
UNDERLAY
f1
• while getting getting closer to the BTS

• ...f1 is chosen as a handover candidate, because C/I ratio 16 dB
(SuperReuseGoodCiThreshold = 15 dB)
• (C/I for f1 is calculated by using f8 as a reference for f’1)
• f1= -80dBm
• f4= -80dBm
OVERLAY
REGULAR FREQUENCY • f1’= -96 dbm
f8
f4 • f8= -96 dBm
f1’
UNDERLAY
f1
• call is handed over to f1 (HANDOVER FROM REGULAR TO

SUPER)

Coverage/Capacity concept (1/2)
OVERLAY
f4
f1’
UNDERLAY
f1
• RESULT:
regular frequencies provide coverage on the edge of the cell

Coverage/Capacity concept (2/2)
OVERLAY
f4
f1’
UNDERLAY
f1
• RESULT:
regular frequencies provide coverage on the edge of the cell
super reuse gives capacity (provided that IUO is deployed
properly)

C/I evaluation(1/4)
• In regular TRX the C/I ratio is evaluated to all super-reuse groups of own
cell and to all groups of neighbour child cells
• In super-reuse TRX the C/I ratio is evaluated only to own super-reuse
frequency group. If enableInterFrtIuoHo is used, then also C/I ratio for all
super-reuse groups of own cell and to all groups of neighbour child cells is
evaluated.
• Assumption: TRX belonging to the same FRT experience same C/I
C/I regular layer

C/I
regular layer
C/I C/I super layer
super layer

C/I evaluation (2/4)
• Directly measured interference level is used when the interfering cell is a
regular cell which is adjacent to the serving cell and has the same set of
super-reuse frequencies as the serving cell. Also the location of the
interfering cell is close enough to cause interference. In this situation, the
downlink RXLEV of the interfering cell corresponds directly to the
interference level on the super-reuse TRX caused by the interfering cell.
f3
CIEstType=0
f1 rx_level(f3)
f2 f2
interference
IUO HO f1 <-> f2

BCCH = f 3 BCCH = f 1
• BCCH Frequency of the Interfering
Cell Cannot be Measured by the MS
• The BCCH is Not a Super Reuse
TRX, but has Interfering
Frequency
• The BCCH is a Super Reuse TRX Super Reuse Frequency = f 1
( Child Cell )
• A Different Cell has to be Taken as

f2
Reference Cell
• Reference Cell gives Similar 'Field f1
Strength Pattern' in the Area
• The Parameter C/IEstType=1
• Parameter LevelAdjustment can f1
be used for compensation.

f3
• up to 10 interfering cells

CellIdentificationOfInterferingCell (C1…C10)
LocationAreaCodeOfInterferingCell (LAC 1…10)
C/I estimation type (T1 - T10) 0 (meas) / 1 (estim)

C/I estimation weight (W1 - W10) 0 … 10
Level adjustment (L1 - L10) -63 … 63 (dB)
TRX
superReuseEstMethod AVE / MAX / ICE

HOC
/NONE
allInterferingCellsAveraged Yes / No
intfCellAvgWindowSize 1 … 32 (SACCH period)
intfCellNbrOfZeroResults 0 … 31 HOC

HO types (1/10)
• Traffic control between regular and super-reuse frequencies:
• Underlay Overlay handover
• Underlay Overlay Assignment (TCH assignment to super TRX)
• Direct Access
• Conventional radio criteria + other reasons than radio criteria (traffic

reason handover, umbrella handover…..)
NOTE: when a call is on a super-reuse TRX, the HO causes Downlink quality,

Downlink interference and Uplink interference are not considered conventional
radio criteria.
•
HO types (2/10)
HO Caused by Radio Criteria or by other reasons
• the target layer is always regular, therefore:
Intra-cell HO within a regular frequency group (if enableIntraHoInterfUL/DL)

Inter-cell HO from a regular cell (super/regular layer) to another regular cell
(regular layer)
Inter-cell HO from a child cell to a regular (parent) cell (regular layer)
Child cells
regular layer
regular layer
super layer
super layer
HO types (3/10)
Underlay Overlay Handover
• SuperReuseGood/BadCiThreshold comparison
• only possible when C/I of the target cell can be evaluated:
regular layer -----> super layer (intracell )
-----> child (inter cell)
super layer -----> regular layer (intracell)
(parent cell)
-----> super layer (intracell, intra or inter FRT (* if enableInterFrtIuoHo))
-----> child (intercell *)
child cell -----> parent cell (regular layer)
-----> child cell
• HO procedure: Measurement processing

C/I evaluation
Threshold comparison (suitable target cell selection)
target cell selection

Inter Super-reused Layer Handover
In order to minimise the number of imperative handovers without degrade of service quality,
a handover between the super reused layers (an intra-cell handover) is performed
Other super reuse TRX has to fulfill the C/I requirement
enableInterFrtIuoHo REG Handover between super-reuse

frequency groups
is enabled, but a handover back to a
regular frequency group is always
preferable
SUP Handover between super-reuse
frequency groups
is enabled and it is preferable in case of
bad C/I ratio
DIS Handover between super-reuse
frequency groups is disabled HOC

HO types (4/10)
Underlay Overlay handover
Child cells regular layer
regular layer
super layer
super layer
NOTE: UO handover from child cell -----> super layer of regular cell: not possible !!
UO handover from super layer ------> super layer (intercell) : not possible!!

HO types (5/10)
Call on super layer (regular cell)
Bad C/I Ratio: CI_RATIO <= SuperReuseBadCiThreshold
• if CI_RATIO(k) >= SuperReuseGoodCiThreshold

AV_RANGE_HO <= msDistanceHoThresholdParam
• enableInterFrtIuoHo = REG or SUP
then ho is triggered to super layer or regular
• else (CI_RATIO(k) < SuperReuseGoodCiThreshold or enableInterFrtIuoHo =

DIS or AV_RANGE_HO <= msDistanceHoThresholdParam )
ho is triggered to regular layer

HO types (6/10)
Child cells regular layer
regular layer
super layer
super layer
NOTE: UO handover from child cell -----> super layer of regular cell: not possible !!
UO handover from super layer ------> super layer (intercell) : not possible!!
Intercell UO ho from super layer ------> regular layer only when no other possibility

HO types (7/10)
Call on regular layer
• if CI_RATIO(k) >= SuperReuseGoodCiThreshold

AV_RXQUAL_UL/DL < Ho_Threshold_Quality_UL/DL
AV_RANGE_HO <= msDistanceHoThresholdParam
then : if super TRX on regular cell ---> ho triggered

if child ----> AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > RxLevMinCell(n) + Max(0,Pa)
PBGT(n) > HoMarginPBGT(n)
• child has priority on super-reuse TRX in regular cell

• child cells ranked according to priority level & load factor, signal strenght, C/I ratio
• super-reuse groups ranked according to C/I ratio
• minBsicDecodeTime
HO types (8/10)
Call on super layer (regular cell or child cell)
• several Ho reasons: DL interference
DL Quality
Bad C/I Ratio
UL Interference
UL Quality
ms-bs distance (if msDistanceBehaviour other than 0, 255)

HO types (9/10)
• different priorities between target layers according to Ho reasons:

DL interference /DL Quality : ---> regular layer (intracell or parent)
---> super layer (intracell or child)
---> regular layer (imperative intercell HO)
UL interference : ---> super layer (intragroup, if enableIntraHoInterfUL)

----> regular layer (intracell)
---> super layer (intracell or child)
---> regular layer (imperative intercell HO)
Bad C/I Ratio : enableInterFrtIuoHo= REG --->priority to regular layer

SUP ----> priority to super layer
DIS ----> regular layer only
ms-bs Distance: ----> regular layer only

HO types (10/10)
• handover from child cell to parent is imperative, parents ranked according to

level
• child cells have priority on super-reuse trx (in regular cell)

• childs ranked according to priority & load, signal strenght, C/I ratio
• super-reuse TRXs ranked according to C/I ratio

TCH Assignment to Super-TRX
• When Regular Layer is Congested, TCH Can Be Allocated in the Super Reuse
• Directed Retry
• EnaTchAssignSuper <> 0
• EnaTchAssignSuper Defines a Time for BSIC Decoding of Interfering Cells
• Directed Retry to Other Cells
• Increased Probability of Congestion on the SDCCH ! --- > Feature to Be Used with Care
Super
SuperReuse
ReuseLayer
Layer Super Reuse Layer
Super Reuse Layer
88TSL
TSL 88TSL
TSL
16
16TSL 16
TSL 16TSL
TSL
24 TSL 24
24 TSL 24TSL
TSL
…..
….. …..
…..
Regular
RegularLayer Regular
Layer RegularLayer
Layer
6-7
6-7TSL
TSL
14 TSL MinBsicDecodeTime MinBsicDecodeTime
14 TSL
22
22TSL
TSL
…..
…..
SDCCH
SDCCH SDCCH
SDCCH
44Channels
Channels 44Channels
Channels
7-8
7-8Channels 7-8
Channels Call Set-Up 7-8Channels
Channels Set-Up EnaTchAssignSuper
12
12Channels 12
Channels 12Channels
Channels
…..
….. ….. DR To Other
…..
Cells
enaTchAssSuperIUO 0 … 32 (SACCH period)

HOC
minBsicDecodeTime 0 … 128 (SACCH period)
Direct Access to super layer
C/I evaluation by-passed!!
Gives extra capacity and in case the mobile is near to the BTS
unnecessary TCH reservation from the regular TRX will be avoided.
regular
super
BSC
Direct Access level -109……-47 dBm

TRX

During the call setup phase a TCH on a super-reuse TRX (on the
regular cell or the child) may be assigned for the call when the
downlink signal level on the super-reuse TRX is well above the
worst expected interference level:
RXLEVEL_DL > DirectAccessLevel(k)
RX_QUAL_UL/DL < Ho_Threshold_Quality_UL/DL
The parameter directAccessLevel (controlled on transceiver basis) is

the level that must be exceeded for the direct access to the
super-reuse TRX.

The BSC may allocate a TCH on a super-reuse TRX for an inter-
cell handover attempt if the downlink signal level of the super-
reuse TRX is good enough and the cause of the handover
attempt is:
- Turn around corner
- Fast/slow moving MS
- Better cell (PBGT or Umbrella)
Two new handover types:
Child cells
regular layer
regular layer
super layer
super layer

Parameters (1/2)
Parameter Value
enableInterFrtIuoHo REG / SUP / DIS

HOC
allInterferingCellsAveraged Yes / No
intfCellAvgWindowSize 1 … 32 (SACCH period)
intfCellNbrOfZeroResults 0 … 31 HOC
enaTchAssSuperIUO 1 … 32 (SACCH period)

superReuseEstMethod AVE / MAX / ICE
HOC
/NONE
minIntIuoHoReqBQ 0 … 255
minIntUnsuccIuoHo 0 … 255 HOC
minBsicDecodeTime 0 … 128 (SACCH period)

Parameters (2/2)
Parameter Value
superReuseGoodCIThreshold
C/I ratio -127 … 127 (dB)
Px 0 … 32
Nx 0 … 32
superReuseBadCIThreshold
C/I ratio -127 … 127 (dB)
Px 0 … 32
Nx 0 … 32
HOC
C/I estimation type (T1 - T10) 0 (meas) / 1 (estim)

C/I estimation weight (W1 - W10) 0 … 10
Level adjustment (L1 - L10) -63 … 63 (dB)
directAccessLevel N / -47 … -109 (dBm)
trxFrequencyType 0 … 16 TRX

with Frequency Hopping : IFH
• Improved radio spectrum efficiency
• Adds the benefits of interference averaging by frequency
hopping to the capacity gains of IUO to further boost
performance
• Frequency hopping combined with IUO means capacity
increase by controlled C/I and decreased reuse pattern
• Applicable for both Radio Frequency and Base Band
Hopping
• All the super-reuse TRXs in a cell have to belong to the
same IUO frequency group
RF Hopping BB Hopping
f1
Regular layer TRX-1 BCCH TRX-1 BCCH f1
TRX-2 TCH f2 TRX-2 TCH f2
f3
Super-reused TRX-3 TCH f4 TRX-3 TCH

f4
layer f5 TRX-4 TCH
TRX-4 TCH f5
f6

INTELLIGENT FREQUENCY
HOPPING
• Intelligent Frequency Hopping is an optional feature
• Both layers of a sector can be set hopping separately by
using regular hopping mode and super hopping mode
• In RF hopping both layers, overlay (regular) and underlay
(super), shall have their own mobile allocation (MA)
attached
• The parameters for this feature can be modified only when
the frequency hopping for intelligent underlay overlay and
intelligent underlay overlay are both on

INTELLIGENT FREQUENCY
HOPPING
Parameters
Parameter Value
underlayHoppingMode BB / RF / N
underlayMAIOoffset 0 … 62
underlayMaioStep 1 … 62
underlayMA 0 … 128
underlayHSN 0, 1 … 63 BTS

HO types
regular layer
regular layer
super layer
super layer

Intelligent Underlay Overlay: Bsspar For S9

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Intelligent Underlay Overlay

204 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

205 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

• Microcells to hot spots (microcells

trxFrequencyType (FRT) 0 … 16 TRX

208 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

 Service region of super layer controlled by interference

<-------- Interference region ---------->

Super layer (reuse = e.g. 7) Super layer (reuse = e.g. 7)

209 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

• one TRX used as a super reuse frequency ( f1 )

• downlink RXlev measurements:

212 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

213 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

• while getting getting closer to the BTS

• call is handed over to f1 (HANDOVER FROM REGULAR TO

215 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

216 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

217 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

C/I regular layer

218 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

219 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

• A Different Cell has to be Taken as

• Parameter LevelAdjustment can f1

be used for compensation.

220 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

C/I estimation type (T1 - T10) 0 (meas) / 1 (estim)

superReuseEstMethod AVE / MAX / ICE

221 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

• Conventional radio criteria + other reasons than radio criteria (traffic

NOTE: when a call is on a super-reuse TRX, the HO causes Downlink quality,

• the target layer is always regular, therefore:

Intra-cell HO within a regular frequency group (if enableIntraHoInterfUL/DL)

• HO procedure: Measurement processing

224 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

enableInterFrtIuoHo REG Handover between super-reuse

225 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

Child cells regular layer

226 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

Bad C/I Ratio: CI_RATIO <= SuperReuseBadCiThreshold

• if CI_RATIO(k) >= SuperReuseGoodCiThreshold

• else (CI_RATIO(k) < SuperReuseGoodCiThreshold or enableInterFrtIuoHo =

227 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

Child cells regular layer

228 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

• if CI_RATIO(k) >= SuperReuseGoodCiThreshold

then : if super TRX on regular cell ---> ho triggered

• child has priority on super-reuse TRX in regular cell

• several Ho reasons: DL interference

230 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

• different priorities between target layers according to Ho reasons:

UL interference : ---> super layer (intragroup, if enableIntraHoInterfUL)

Bad C/I Ratio : enableInterFrtIuoHo= REG --->priority to regular layer

231 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

• handover from child cell to parent is imperative, parents ranked according to

• child cells have priority on super-reuse trx (in regular cell)

232 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

enaTchAssSuperIUO 0 … 32 (SACCH period)

C/I evaluation by-passed!!

Direct Access level -109……-47 dBm

234 © NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 Jun 00

RXLEVEL_DL > DirectAccessLevel(k)

RX_QUAL_UL/DL < Ho_Threshold_Quality_UL/DL