How animals survive?

All Animals have a specific body

parts to help them adopt and
survive in the environment .
 Digestion
Digestion is a process by which the
organisms break down food into forms
that their cells may absorb and use.
 How do Animals Digest and
get nutrition from their food?

Different animals have different

ways on how they digest their
food
 Digestion in humans
The human digestive system has two major
roles in the human body system: to break
down food into smaller usable food
molecules, and to absorb the food molecules
for further use of the body cells.
Pathway of Food
Digestion
 Respiration
The exchange of respiratory gases (O
and CO²) between the external
environment and the organism’s body or
cell are called Respiration
HOW DO ANIMALS RESPIRE?
•Sponges (Porifera) and Hydra (Cnidaria)
No special respiratory organs
Respiration occurs when water passes
through the organism's body cavity
•Earthworms (Annelids) and Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
- Respiration occurs in their moist skin surface where
oxygen is carried by the hemoglobin dissolved in the
blood
In some Aquatic animals:
Fish - Gas exchange occurs with the help of gills
* Countercurrent Flow - water flows over gills in one
direction while blood flows in the oposite direction
through gill capillaries
“Gas exchange in humans”
In humans and most mammals,
exchange of gasses occurs in
organized respiratory system.
Two Sections:
• Upper Respiratory Tract
Nasal Cavity
Oral Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
•Lower Respiratory Tract
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
HOW RESPIRATORY SYSTEM WORKS
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Responsible for sending, receiving and
interpreting information from all parts of
the body
NERVOUS SYSTEM IN ANIMALS
Sponges Jellyfish, Hydra Starfish Flatworms,
& other related Annelids,
animals Insects, certain
Molluscs& All
Vertebrates
No nervous No central Nerve ring Bilateral body
system nervous system symmetry
No brain Nerve net Nerve cord with
Ganglion
No neuron cells Large Ganglion
HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
processing center for the nervous system
Parts:
1. Brain
2. Spinal cord
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Consists of nerves outside the brain and
spinal cord
Parts:
1. Sensory Cells
2. Motor Cells
 NEURONS
carry messages or nerve
impulses through an
electrochemical process
* Ganglion - group of neuron
cells
Parts:
1. Nucleus
2. Organelles
3. Dendrites
4. Axons
Types of Neurons
1. Sensory neurons
2. Motor neurons
3. Interneuron
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Circulation - Transport of nutrients,
oxygen and get rid of waste products of
the body cells
 Blood Vascular System Open Circulatory System Closed Circulatory System

Blood flows through Open spaces (Lacunae & Closed vessels

Sinuses)
Blood flows at Very slow velocity Very high velocity
Body cavity Filled with blood Haemocol is absent
(Haemocoel)
Internal organs Bathed by blood Not direct contanct with
blood
Time to complete circulation Long time Short time
Supply and elimination of Very slow Very rapid
materials
Exchange of materials takes Blood and sinuses Capillaries
place
Blood flow Cannot be regulated Can be regulated
Examples Arthropods (Grasshoppers Earthworms & some
and cockroaches Vertebrate
-Ammar ShirazA. Hashim
-Jonylle Ybanez
-Ayahbel Leparto