I.

TITLE
II.THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
III.FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
HYPOTHESIS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
IV.METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
SAMPLING DESIDN AND TECHNIQUE
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
VALIDATION OF THE INSTRUMENT
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
DATA ANALYSIS
V. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Chapter II
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Mathematics plays a vital role in peoples’
daily lives. For this matter, Betz as cited by
Salazar (2001) said that a citizen of modern
world could not afford to be an ignorant of
Mathematics because the world is highly
mathematical. Hence effective Mathematics
instruction has become an absolute necessity in
all level of education.
• Furthermore, Sagun as cited by Lubina
(2004) stated that Mathematics plays an
important role in many aspects of life. It
helps to understand and use quantities
like weight, height and age properly. It
helps individual to determine the size of
population and predict whether the
country’s available resources are enough
to meet the needs of the people. It has
become useful with the emergence of
computer and other technological
Indeed, there is a need to learn Mathematics in
order to function effectively and become active
participants in this changing information-based
society. Mathematics becomes a part of our
lives. Tesoro as cited by Villanueva (2009)
averred that Mathematics is inseparable to
man’s life, it is the solid foundation in satisfying
his wants. He further mentioned that through
mathematical concepts and ideas, he may be
able to appreciate the beauty of life, the
environment and the real world.
• Academic performance refers to
how students deal with their studies
and how they cope with or
accomplish different tasks given to
them by their teachers. Academic
performance is an outcome of
teaching and learning process to a
student with regard to academic
instruction.
 In educational institutions, success is
measured by academic performance, or
how well a student meets standards set
out by local government and the institution
itself. As career competition grows ever
fiercer in the working world, the
importance of students doing well in
school has caught the attention of parents,
legislators and government education
departments alike.
 Significance of the Study
The study will serve as a frame of reference for the
students and teachers to better understand the
given factors as how they significantly influence the
performance of the respondents.

To the Students, this will give them idea on

how the indicators contribute to the development
of better academic performance in mathematics.
This study will also provide inputs to improve their
academic performance through giving their needs.
 To the Parents, this will give them an idea on the
proper ways of encouraging their children to practice a
good study habit. Study will help them to be aware about
the needs of their children especially to be prepared
before sending their children in school.

To the Teachers, the study will give them better

challenge to explore appropriate style and technique for
effective teaching in mathematics. It will help them to
determine how they are important to the students not
only what they have learned in their lessons but also their
help how to improve or develop the student.
 To the Administrators, this will be the basis in
providing necessary equipments for the students that
will help them in obtaining excellent academic
performance.
For the Government/Society, this study can
make them aware about the needs of every student
on how they can improve them and no distractions on
their studies.
For the Future Researchers, this study may
help them discover/interpret new knowledge when
they conduct similar study.
 Statement of the Problem
This study or research aimed to find
out the Academic Performance of
Grade VI Pupils of Collat Elementary
School in Mathematics S.Y. 2016-2017
Specifically, the study sought to
find answers to the following
questions.
1. What is the profile of the students in terms of?
a. Age
b. Sex
c. Monthly Income
2. How are the different factors that affect the
academic performance of the pupils in Mathematics
be described in terms of?
a. Study Habit
b. Parent’s Assistance
c. Teaching Style
d. School Facilities
3. What is the level of the academic performance of
Grade VI pupils in Mathematics?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the

factors affecting the academic performance and
the level of academic performance of Grade VI
pupils in Mathematics?

5. Is there a significant difference of the factors

that affect the academic performance as stated in
problem 1?
 Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study was conducted in Collat,Masinloc,Zambales
specifically the Grade VI pupils of Collat Elementary
School.
The main objective of the study was to determine the
effects of the factors affecting the academic
performance of the Grade VI pupils in Collat
Elementary School. To facilitate the study, the
researchers gathered information by conducting
investigation using questionnaire and actual interview
directly from the respondents.
 CHAPTER III
FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related

literature and studies both foreign and local to give a
clearer view necessary to substantiate this study to
relative to the problem cited in Chapter I.
 Related Literature
Foreign
Much research in recent years has focused on
identifying the key factors in the student
characteristics that promotes academic success.
Qualities such as psychological needs and social
skills, namely self-efficacy, motivation, attitudes and
behavior, academic competency, communication
skills, collaboration, cooperation, and team
capabilities are important for the student in the
medical programme. Students who possess these
skills are able to work effectively with others and
managed their studies efficiently (Lust & Moore,
2006).
The medical colleges could target these
factors in developing strategies in
improving student learning and improve
their academic performance. According to
Womble (2003) academic competence,
self-efficacy, motivation, students’
attitudes and behavior, time management
and engagement in class activities are
some of the factors that affect an
individuals’ academic performance.
Local
• Regala (2001) stated that, Mathematics is
the queen of all sciences. It plays a very vital
role in the development of science. The
knowledge of this contributes largely to an
effective, intelligent and enriched living. It is
sad to note, however, that while this subject
matter is beneficial to everyone, only a few
attend to propagation.
Most of the students at all levels disregard
Mathematics as a subject, which is too difficult
to learn. Some described it as a dull, boring
and confusing. This is simply because they
would not understand and do not know to
apply its concept. They are not willing to intend
extra effort realize the beauty of mathematics
and the importance to our lives. Hence, there
exist the necessity of making an intensive study
of it, to know and to trace the common errors
committed by the students and to help them
provide necessity foundation in the future.
 Related Studies
Foreign
A study conducted by Collett et al., 2007;
Stanca, 2006; Chow, 2003; Rodgers, 2001;
Durden and Ellis, 1995; Romer 1993, found that
attendance have small, but statistically
significant, effect on student performance.
Marburger (2001) concluded that students who
missed class were significantly more likely to
respond incorrectly to questions relating to
material covered that day than were students
who were present.
Moore (2006) indicated that class attendance
enhances learning; on average, students who
came to the most classes made the highest
grades, despite the fact that they received no
points for coming to class. Arulampalam et al.
(2007) found that there is a causal effect of
absence on performance for students: missing
class leads to poorer performance. On the other
hand, Martins and Walker (2006) mentioned
that there are no significant effects from class
attendance.
Many studies are carried out to explore factors affecting
students’ academic performance or achievement. All of
the research reviews support the hypothesis that
students’ performance in the medical programme depend
on different socio-economic and psychological factors
(Syed TahirHijazi&RazaNaqri, 2006). Medical students are
main assets of the medical schools or colleges. In view of
that, the students’ academic performance and
achievement plays an important role in producing the
best quality graduates who will become great leader and
manpower for the country thus responsible for the
country’s economic and social development. The
performance of students in universities should be a
concern not only to the administrators and educators, but
also to corporations in the labor market.
 Local
A comparative study by Pinol as cited by Del Castillo
(2012) revealed that the central schools performed
better than schools in the rural areas.As to the
adequacy of school facilities and equipments, a
common problem to teachers is the resistant to
innovations because this would mean time, talent
and treasure for the effectiveness and efficiency of
instruction, especially in the preparation of
instructional materials. They are more comfortable in
the traditional type of teaching such as the lecture
and discussion, question, and answer, and
chalkboard activities.
Siemens as cited by Balbalosa (2010)
stated that instructional design can be
defined as “the systematic process of
translating principles of learning and
instruction into plans for instructional
materials and activities”. However, there
are many different definitions for
instructional design and all of them are an
expression of underlying philosophies and
viewpoints of what is involved in the
learning process.
Acantilado as cited by Del Castillo
(2010) findings revealed that printed
materials such as magazines,
newspaper, periodicals, journals,
textbooks references, teacher’s
manuals, courses of study and
workbooks were regularly used by
teachers in their Mathematics classes
 Conceptual Framework
This section proposes a conceptual
framework within which the concept,
academic performance is treated in this
work. The selection of the model is based
on the belief that, the quality of input
invariably affects quality of output in this
case academic performance (Acato 2006).
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Figure 1 TheResearch Paradigm

• Figure 1 show the conceptual paradigm of the study
on the Input box. It includes student’s profile such
as the age, sex, and monthly income of the family
and academic grades in math. It is also includes the
study habit, teaching style and adequacy of the
school facilities.
• For the Process box, it includes the data gathering
process using questionnaire, analysis and different
statistical tools as the frequency, percentage,
weighted mean, ANOVA, Pearson r, T-test and Likert
scale.
• For the Output box, it is the final objective of the
study which is to improve the academic
performance of the Grade VI pupils in Mathematics.
 Hypothesis
1. There is no significant relationship
between the factors affecting the academic
performance and the level of academic
performance of Grade VI pupils in
Mathematics.
2. There is no significant difference of the
factors that affect the academic
performance as stated in Problem 1.
 Definition of Terms
To give clear understanding on the study, several
terms were define operationally as it is use in the
study.
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE - refers to how
students deal with their studies and how they cope
with or accomplish different tasks given to them by
their teachers.
CURRICULUM - is defined as the sum total of all
experiences organized by the schools for the growth
of the child.
 FACTORS - refer to the forces or conditions
acting together or separately given result.

GLOBALIZATION - is the process of international

integration arising from the interchange of world
views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture.
HABITS - are acquired through repeated acts, so try
practicing these tips daily.

MATHEMATICS - refers to the science that

deals with the study of the relationship and
symbolism of members which includes quantitative
problems.
 PERFORMANCE - is the actual accomplish of a
given job as distinguished from potential ability,
capacity of aptitude.

SEX - this refers to the male and female sex

characteristics of the respondents.

TEACHING STRATEGY - refers to the different

strategies used or employed but the teachers using
his/her resources, knowledge and skills as group
discussion, method, lecture method, demonstration
method and many others.