Lesson Objectives
Explain the purpose of implementing
sanitary systems.
Categorize different sanitary systems.
Recognize the functions of sanitary
plumbing systems .
Categorize different sanitary plumbing
systems.
Recognize the different types of sanitary
drainage systems. .. ..
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1. Sanitary
Unwanted fluid/water discharged from a
building and its surrounding areas must be
quickly disposed due to:
Convenience
Health; preventing spreading of disease.
Possible damage to structures .. ..
3
2. Sanitary System
The sanitary system is divided into two categories:
Sanitary System (drainage ).
– It comprises drain-lines, branch drain-lines, fittings
and inspection chambers (IC) for the conveyance
of sewage within any premises to a sewerage
system.
Sanitary System ( ground).
– It comprising one or more discharge pipes,
discharge stacks, ventilating pipes, ventilating
stacks and fittings for the conveyance of sewage
from premises to the sanitary drainage system. .. ..
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3. Traps
Traps
Traps are defined as a dip or U
bend formed in a pipe, retaining a
water seal which the free ‘P’ or ‘S’ profile
It also prevents .
and insects from entering the
building … ..
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Types of Traps
Gully Trap
P Trap
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S Trap Bottle Trap Floor Trap
3. Traps
Loss of trap seal can be due to: Air compressed in
front of the jump
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Self Siphonage
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Induced Siphonage
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3. Traps
Compression (Backpressure)
– caused by build up of air pressure near bend at foot of
the stack. A waste pipe connected to the stack in the
pressure zone may have the seal of the trap lost by
compressed air forcing out the water.
Evaporation
– When the trap is not in use for a period of time.
Wind Effect (Wavering Action):
– It is caused by high velocity gusts of wind passing
over the ventilating pipe, which draw some of the air
out of the pipe.. ..
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Compression or Backpressure and
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Wind Effect or Wavering out
3. Traps
Momentum Action
– caused by sudden discharge of water into a fitting
and force on water may be sufficient to unseal trap.
Capillary Attraction
– caused by a piece of porous material being caught
at outlet of trap. Water may be drawn out of trap by
capillary attraction
Leakage
– usually due to faulty joint on connection or cleaning
eye, or a crack in the trap due to expansion &
contraction of material. .. ..
12
3. Traps
Mitigating loss of traps or
offsets Anti-siphonage
Ventilating vent connection
Correct Pipe pipe
Discharge Pipes
– Ventilating the discharge pipe can mitigate
siphonage effect. .. .. 13
4. Sanitary Plumbing System
The minimum pipe sizes required for the systems:
Discharge stack
150mm
Waste
Description Minimum Pipe Size pipe
50mm
Discharge Stack 100 mm
System)
Floor
trap
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4. Sanitary Plumbing System
Discharge pipe
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4. Sanitary Plumbing System
Sanitary plumbing systems approved by the
authority are grouped into two types:
Single Stack System for buildings up to
storeys
Ventilated Stack System for buildings up to
storeys
Fully Ventilated System with ventilating
arrangement for
(i) Six-Storey and below
(ii) Seven-Storey and above .. ..
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4.1 Single Stack System
Length of discharge pipe connecting to
discharge stack shall not be more than m
There shall not be more than
connections made to discharge pipe
Discharge stack is terminated above roof
level with a cage or perforated cover .. ..
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4.1 Single Stack System
permits soil & waste water to
discharge into a common pipe
does not have any venting
(ventilating pipe) system
design
used for buildings up to
storey high .. ..
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4.2 Ventilated Stack System
similar to single stack system
except ventilating stack is
required
stack is also
connected to sanitary
drainage system
used for buildings from
.. to storey
high .. ..
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4.3 Fully Ventilated Stack System
fully ventilated system is used where there
are numbers of sanitary appliances in
range or where appliances are widely
.
individual soil appliances are .
vented & connected to main vent stack
2 arrangements for fully ventilated system:
(i) Six-Storey and below
(ii) Seven-Storey and above .. ..
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4.3 Fully Ventilated Stack System
Six-Storey and below
uses a separate discharge &
ventilating stack
Individual traps/soil sanitary
appliances is connected directly
to discharge pipe or stack
discharge pipe or stack need to
be provided with branch
ventilating pipe, which is
connected to ventilating stack ..
.. 21
4.3 Fully Ventilated Stack System
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5. Sanitary drainage systems
Combine system
Foul water & surface water are conveyed by a
single drain to a single sewer .. ..
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5. Sanitary drainage systems
Separate system
Foul water discharge from WC, sinks, etc. are conveyed
by separate foul drains to a foul water sewer. Surface
water or rain water are conveyed by separate surface
water drains to a surface water system .. ..
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5. Sanitary drainage systems
Partially separate system
Most of the surface water is taken away to a separate
surface water sewer, but some of the surface water is
connected to the foul water drain. This reduces the pipe
line cost and also will flush the foul water drain and
sewer. .. ..
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Sanitary Drawings
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