Anda di halaman 1dari 30

1

Lesson Objectives
 Explain the purpose of implementing
sanitary systems.
 Categorize different sanitary systems.
 Recognize the functions of sanitary
plumbing systems .
 Categorize different sanitary plumbing
systems.
 Recognize the different types of sanitary
drainage systems. .. ..
2
1. Sanitary
Unwanted fluid/water discharged from a
building and its surrounding areas must be
quickly disposed due to:
 Convenience
 Health; preventing spreading of disease.
 Possible damage to structures .. ..

3
2. Sanitary System
The sanitary system is divided into two categories:
 Sanitary System (drainage ).
– It comprises drain-lines, branch drain-lines, fittings
and inspection chambers (IC) for the conveyance
of sewage within any premises to a sewerage
system.
 Sanitary System ( ground).
– It comprising one or more discharge pipes,
discharge stacks, ventilating pipes, ventilating
stacks and fittings for the conveyance of sewage
from premises to the sanitary drainage system. .. ..

4
3. Traps
 Traps
Traps are defined as a dip or U
bend formed in a pipe, retaining a
water seal which the free ‘P’ or ‘S’ profile

. of fixture waste through the


pipe, while preventing . . Seal depth
Min 50mm

.. from entering fixture


area within the building. Conventional

It also prevents .
and insects from entering the
building … ..
5
Types of Traps

Gully Trap

P Trap

6
S Trap Bottle Trap Floor Trap
3. Traps
Loss of trap seal can be due to: Air compressed in
front of the jump

 -Siphonage Suction zone

– Usually happens in small


appliance Liquid in trap
being removed

– caused by moving ‘plug’


by suction

Self-siphonage in a discharge pipe

water in waste pipe Induced siphonage in a discharge pipe

 Siphonage Suction zone

– caused by discharge of water Discharge pipe


from another sanitary
Discharge
appliances above the fixture stack

connected to same pipe Air compressed in front of plug

7
Self Siphonage

8
Induced Siphonage

9
3. Traps
 Compression (Backpressure)
– caused by build up of air pressure near bend at foot of
the stack. A waste pipe connected to the stack in the
pressure zone may have the seal of the trap lost by
compressed air forcing out the water.
 Evaporation
– When the trap is not in use for a period of time.
 Wind Effect (Wavering Action):
– It is caused by high velocity gusts of wind passing
over the ventilating pipe, which draw some of the air
out of the pipe.. ..
10
Compression or Backpressure and
11
Wind Effect or Wavering out
3. Traps
 Momentum Action
– caused by sudden discharge of water into a fitting
and force on water may be sufficient to unseal trap.
 Capillary Attraction
– caused by a piece of porous material being caught
at outlet of trap. Water may be drawn out of trap by
capillary attraction
 Leakage
– usually due to faulty joint on connection or cleaning
eye, or a crack in the trap due to expansion &
contraction of material. .. ..
12
3. Traps
Mitigating loss of traps or
offsets Anti-siphonage
Ventilating vent connection
 Correct Pipe pipe

– Measures may be taken Suction

to avoid effect of air Air drawn in as a


pressure fluctuations on result of suction

liquid that should be Suction zone

retained in trap. Compression zone


Trap liquid
remained
undisturbed

 Discharge Pipes
– Ventilating the discharge pipe can mitigate
siphonage effect. .. .. 13
4. Sanitary Plumbing System
The minimum pipe sizes required for the systems:
Discharge stack
150mm
Waste
Description Minimum Pipe Size pipe
50mm
Discharge Stack 100 mm

Discharge Pipe 100 mm


Discharge
Ventilating Stack 75 mm pipes
100mm
Discharge
stack
Vent Pipe 50 mm Basin trap

Discharge Stack 150 mm Waste pipe


(Single Stack 40mm

System)
Floor
trap
14
4. Sanitary Plumbing System

Secondary discharge stack

Cross ventilating pipe

Discharge pipe

Main discharge stack

15
4. Sanitary Plumbing System
Sanitary plumbing systems approved by the
authority are grouped into two types:
 Single Stack System for buildings up to
storeys
 Ventilated Stack System for buildings up to
storeys
 Fully Ventilated System with ventilating
arrangement for
(i) Six-Storey and below
(ii) Seven-Storey and above .. ..
16
4.1 Single Stack System
 Length of discharge pipe connecting to
discharge stack shall not be more than m
 There shall not be more than
connections made to discharge pipe
 Discharge stack is terminated above roof
level with a cage or perforated cover .. ..

17
4.1 Single Stack System
 permits soil & waste water to
discharge into a common pipe
 does not have any venting
(ventilating pipe) system
design
 used for buildings up to
storey high .. ..

18
4.2 Ventilated Stack System
 similar to single stack system
except ventilating stack is
required
 stack is also
connected to sanitary
drainage system
 used for buildings from
.. to storey
high .. ..
19
4.3 Fully Ventilated Stack System
 fully ventilated system is used where there
are numbers of sanitary appliances in
range or where appliances are widely
.
 individual soil appliances are .
vented & connected to main vent stack
 2 arrangements for fully ventilated system:
(i) Six-Storey and below
(ii) Seven-Storey and above .. ..

20
4.3 Fully Ventilated Stack System
Six-Storey and below
 uses a separate discharge &
ventilating stack
 Individual traps/soil sanitary
appliances is connected directly
to discharge pipe or stack
 discharge pipe or stack need to
be provided with branch
ventilating pipe, which is
connected to ventilating stack ..
.. 21
4.3 Fully Ventilated Stack System

Seven-Storey & above


 similar to the Fully
Ventilated stack system
except ventilating stack is
also connected to sanitary
drainage system .. ..

22
5. Sanitary drainage systems
Combine system
 Foul water & surface water are conveyed by a
single drain to a single sewer .. ..

23
5. Sanitary drainage systems
Separate system
 Foul water discharge from WC, sinks, etc. are conveyed
by separate foul drains to a foul water sewer. Surface
water or rain water are conveyed by separate surface
water drains to a surface water system .. ..

24
5. Sanitary drainage systems
Partially separate system
 Most of the surface water is taken away to a separate
surface water sewer, but some of the surface water is
connected to the foul water drain. This reduces the pipe
line cost and also will flush the foul water drain and
sewer. .. ..

25
Sanitary Drawings

The sanitary drawings can be downloaded


from Public Utility Board website
http://www.pub.gov.sg/downloads/SanitaryDrawings.aspx

Some other related drawings are shown in


the next few slides. .. ..

26
27
28
29
30

Anda mungkin juga menyukai