ENGLISH APPLICATION

Week 2
 1-an = ones
 10-an = tens
 100-an = hundreds
 1,000-an = thousands
 1,000,000-an = millions
 1,000,000000-an = billions
 CARDINAL NUMBERS: normal number.
 We use cardinal numbers to talk about quantity.
• I have 3 sisters.
• He is 23 years old. (The quantity of years that he has
been on the earth)

 ORDINAL NUMBERS:
 We use ordinal numbers to talk about position or the
rank of something in a series, or date.
• He finished 6th in the race.
• Today is August 31st.
• I’m the 4th person in line.
• The 2nd reason is the best one.
CARDINAL NUMBER ORDINAL NUMBER
0 zero, nought
1 one 1st first
2 two 2nd second
3 three 3rd third
4 four 4th fourth
5 five 5th fifth
6 six 6th sixth
7 seven 7th seventh
8 eight 8th eighth
9 nine 9th ninth
10 ten 10th tenth
11 eleven 11th eleventh
12 twelve 12th twelfth
13 thirteen 13th thirteenth
14 fourteen 14th fourteenth
15 fifteen 15th fifteenth
16 sixteen 16th sixteenth
17 seventeen 17th seventeenth
18 eighteen 18th eighteenth
19 nineteen 19th nineteenth
20 twenty 20th twentieth
21 twenty-one 21st twenty-first
22 twenty-two 22nd twenty-second
23 twenty-three 23rd twenty-third
24 twenty-four 24th twenty-fourth
30 thirty 30th thirtieth
31 thirty-one 31st thirty-first
40 forty 40th fortieth
50 fifty 50th fiftieth
60 sixty 60th sixtieth
70 seventy 70th seventieth
80 eighty 80th eightieth
90 ninety 90th ninetieth
 100 hundred 100th hundredth
101 hundred 101st hundred
one first
152 hundred 152nd hundred
fifty-two fifty-second

200 two 200th two

hundred hundredth
1,000 thousand 1,000th thousandth
1,000,000 million 1,000,000th millionth
1,000,000,000 billion 1,000,000,000th billionth
 If a number is in the range 21 to 99, and
the second digit is not zero, one should
write the number as two words separated
by a hyphen  ex: seventy-six
 For numbers in the hundreds, the British
usually say "and" but the Americans usually
do not say "and":
 British English
120 = one hundred and twenty
 American English
120 = one hundred twenty
  Note that in English, we usually separate the
digits of numbers over 999 with a comma (,).
We count 3 digits from the right and insert a
comma, like this:

< - - - < - - -
1 , 0 0 0 ONE THOUSAND
1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ONE MILLION
1 2 , 7 5 0 , 2 0 0 TWELVE MILLION SEVEN HUNDRED
AND FIFTY THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED

 Notice that hundred, thousand, etc. is NOT

followed by an ‘s’.
Two hundred, NOT two hundreds
We use a point (.) to indicate a decimal
number, or to separate dollars from cents,
pounds from pennies and so on. Here are
some examples:
◦ 0.1 (or 1/10) = one-tenth
◦ 1.0 = one
◦ 1,000 = one thousand
◦ 1,500.75 = one thousand five hundred and
three quarters
◦ $1.50 = one dollar and fifty cents
◦ $700.00 = seven hundred dollars
◦ £3,500.01 = three thousand five hundred
pounds and one penny
Be careful with commas and points. Some
languages use them in the opposite way!
 Read decimals as the given number point
XYZ (NOT a comma)

◦ Ex: 2.5 = two point five

◦ 2.76 = two point seven six (in this case
you can say two point seventy-six)
◦ 2.369 = two point three six nine
◦ 0.276 = nought point two seven six (UK)
zero point two seven six (US)
(NOT zero comma two seven six)
(NOT zero point two hundred and
seventy six)
 If there is more than one number after the
decimal point, we say each number
individually.
◦ 3,456.789 = three
………. thousand four
hundred fifty-six point
seven eight nine.

 Except when we are talking about dollars

and cents (or pound and pence)
◦ $21.95 = twenty-one dollars ninety-five
(cents).
 Read percentages as the number
followed by ‘percent’ (without ‘s’)
◦ 37% = thirty-seven percent
 Read the top number as a cardinal number,
followed by the ordinal number. If the top
number is more than 1, must be followed by
ordinal number + ‘s’
◦ 1/8 = one eighth
◦ 3/8 = three eighths

 In American English, more complex fractions

may also be spoken as cardinal number-over-
cardinal number
◦ 11/826 = eleven over eight hundred
twenty-six
◦ 3/8 = three over eight
 Note that:
◦ 1/2 = one half or a half
◦ 1/3 = one third or a third
◦ 2/3 = two thirds
◦ 1/4 = one quarter or a quarter or a fourth
◦ 3/4 = three quarters
◦ 1/6 = one sixth or a sixth

 IF we have a whole number with a fraction,

we use the word AND between the two
parts.
◦ 2 3 = two and three fifths
5
1
◦ 3 = three
………and a half
2
 The name of a negative number is the name
of the corresponding positive number
preceded by "minus" or (American English)
"negative".
◦ -5.2 = minus five point two (UK)
negative five point two (US)

 For temperatures, Americans colloquially

say "below" —short for "below zero“
◦ -5°F = five below (informal, colloquial)
Formal:
Xn= X raised to the nth power
 75 = seven raised to the fifth power
General:
 Xn= X to the n 64 = six to the four
X to the nth six to the fourth
x to the power n six to the power four
 41 = four to the first
 2x106 = two times ten to the power six

Specially named-powers
 X2 = X squared  32= three squared
 X3 = X cubed  33= three cubed
 30 = three to the zero power
three to the zero

 2-1 = two to the negative first power

two to the minus one

 5-3 = five to the negative third power

five to the minus third

 3x10-5 = three times ten to the minus fifth

three times ten to the negative fifth
power
 21/2 = two to the one half power
two to the power of one half

 51/3 = five to the one third power

five to the power of one third
 2  square root of two
root of two

 16 = 4  square root of sixteen is four

 3  cube root of four

4 the third root of four

4  the fourth root of five

 5
 Fractions and decimals below 1 are usually
expressed with of a + singular noun
◦ three quarters of a ton (NOT three quarters of
tons)
0.2765 m = zero point two seven six five of a
meter

 Note that decimals below 1 can also be

followed by a plural noun.
0.2765 m = zero point two seven six five
meters
 Fractions and decimals over 1 are
usually followed directly by a plural
noun.
◦ two and a half hours (NOT two and a half
hour)
◦ 1.7 meters (NOT 1.7 meter)
 Common
Common British Common British
American
vernacular vernacular
vernacular
"How many
"What is your "Which bus goes to
marbles do you
house number?" the high street?"
have?"
"A hundred and "One-oh-one.“
101 "One-oh-one."
one."
"A hundred and
109 "One-oh-nine." "One-oh-nine."
nine."
"A hundred and
110 "One-ten." "One-one-oh."
ten."
"A hundred and "One-
117 "One-one-seven."
seventeen." seventeen."
 Common
Common British Common British
American
vernacular vernacular
vernacular
"How many marbles "What is your "Which bus goes to
do you have?" house number?" the high street?"
"A hundred and "One-two-oh", "One-
120 "One-twenty."
twenty." two-zero."
"A hundred and
152 "One-fifty-two." "One-five-two."
fifty-two."
"Two hundred and
208 "Two-oh-eight." "Two-oh-eight."
eight."
"Three hundred and "Three-thirty-
334 "Three-three-four."
thirty-four." four."