• Technical Skills
– The ability to apply specialized knowledge orexpertise
• Human Skills
– The ability to work with, understand, and motivate
other people, both individually and in groups
• Conceptual Skills
– The mental ability to analyze and diagnosecomplex
situations
– Contributions to OB:
– Organizational culture – Comparative values
– Organizational environment – Comparative attitudes
– Cross-cultural analysis
X → Y→ Predictive Ability
1-21
Interesting OBDependentVariables
At Individual Level
1. Attitude and Stress
2. Task Performance
3. Citizenship behavior
– Discretionary behavior that is not part of an
employee’s formal job requirements, but that
nevertheless promotes the effective functioning of the
organization.
a. Absenteeism
Failure to report to work – a huge cost to
employers.
b. Turnover
Voluntary and involuntary permanent
withdrawal from an organization.
At Group Level
1. Group Cohesion
The extent to which members of a group support and validate on another
while at work.
2. Group Functioning
The quantity and quality of work group’s output.
Ay Organizational Level
1. Productivity
Transforming inputs to outputs at lowest cost. Includes the concepts
of effectiveness (achievement of goals) andefficiency (meeting
goals at a low cost).
2. Organizational survival
The degree to which an organization is able to exist and grow over
the long period of time.
The Independent Variables
The independent variable (X) can be at any of these three
levels in this model:
• Individual
– Biographical characteristics, personality and emotions, values
and attitudes, ability, perception, motivation, individuallearning
and individual decision making.
• Group
– Communication, group decision making, leadership and trust,
group structure, conflict, power and politics, and workteams.
• Organization System
– Organizational culture, human resource policies and practices,
and organizational structure anddesign.