Module: 2

Hazards in Crane Operating Area

Objectives:

1. Identify crane types and

configurations

2. Identify Hazards in Crane Operating

Areas

3. Working Safely Near Powerlines

4. Factors Affecting Crane Capacity

5. Demonstrate knowledge of
international
crane hand signals
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 1
 Types of Cranes …how many can you identify?

Knuckle Boom
Truck

Telescoping Boom
Trucks

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 2
 Types of Cranes

All Terrain
(Rough Terrain - RT)

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 3
 Types of Cranes Crawler Mounted
Lattice Boom
Carrier Mounted
Lattice Boom

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 4
 Types of Cranes

Crawler-Mounted
Telescoping Boom

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 5
 Types of Cranes Tower Crane:
Hammerhead

Tower Crane:
Luffing Boom

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 6
 How many crane Whip
1 Line
2
Jib
components can you
name?
Jib hook
3

Main
44
Hoist(Load)
Line

5
Main Hook/Block

Boom
6
8
Counterweight

7 9
Carrier
Outrigger Pad

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 7
 Danger Areas

Keep public away from Between counterweight and structure

hazardous areas.

Machinery Deck

Only authorized
personnel in
swing area
during operation

Deployment/Retracting Outriggers

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 8
 The largest single cause of fatalities associated with cranes is high-voltage contact.

Working Near Powerlines

O. Reg 213/91: Constructor – must
provide written measures and
Signaller
Signaller not Required
required & procedures to ensure minimum
distance is not encroached. Copy of
Limit of Approach written procedures made available
to all employers on project.
Written procedures shall include:
• Adequate warning devices visible
to operator & positioned in vicinity
of hazard.

• Operator notified in writing of

electrical hazard before starting
work Warning
sign in cab

• Legible sign visible to operator

posted at the operator’s station.
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 9
 The largest single cause of fatalities associated with cranes is high-voltage contact.

Working Near Powerlines

Absolute Limit of Approach
Voltage Minimum Distance

750 to 150,000 3 metres (10’)

150,001 to 250,000 4.5 metres (15’)

3m Over 250,000 6 metres (20’)

4.5m

6m
Warning
sign in cab

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 10
 The largest single cause of fatalities associated with cranes is high-voltage contact.

Working Near devices

STOP! Protective Powerlines
must be installed under authority of owner of
‘utility’ AND written measures & procedures to protect workers from
shock and burn must be in place and followed by workers.

3 m.

4.5 m.

6 m.

Warning
sign in cab

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 11
 The largest single cause of fatalities associated with cranes is high-voltage contact.

High Voltage Contact

1. High voltage contact makes current flow

down boom and through machine to
ground following path of least resistance.

Ground will be charged with high voltage

near equipment and lower voltage further
away.

2. Operator should stay on the equipment

unless an emergency forces getting off.

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 12
 The largest single cause of fatalities associated with cranes is high-voltage contact.

High Voltage Contact

1. High voltage contact makes current flow

down boom and through machine to
ground following path of least resistance.

Ground will be charged with high voltage

near equipment and lower voltage further
away.

2. Operator should stay on the equipment

unless an emergency forces getting off.
Video: Boom Truck Powerline Contact

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 13
 The largest single cause of fatalities associated with cranes is high-voltage contact.

High Voltage Contact

3. If emergency forces operator off machine,
JUMP CLEAR with feet together. DO NOT
TOUCH ANY PART OF MACHINE

If any part of body touches machine,

current will travel through you to ground.

4. MOVE OUT OF AREA. Shuffle away. Don’t

take big steps. With voltage differential
across the ground, one foot may be in a
higher differential than the other. THE
DIFFERENCE COULD KILL YOU!

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 14
 Factors Affecting Crane Capacity

“Capacities included
in load charts for
cranes are based
on almost perfect
conditions seldom
achieved under
actual operation.”
Don Dickie, P. Eng.

Video: Mobile Crane Topples

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 15
 Factors Affecting Crane Capacity How many factors can you list?

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 16
 Factors Affecting Crane Capacity How many factors can you list?

• Machine Condition • Crane setup – Level

• Boom Angle • Side-loading

• Load Radius • Rapid Swing Rate

• Quadrant of Operation • Impact Loading

• Use of Outriggers • Rapid Acceleration/Deceleration

• Ground Conditions • High Winds

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 17
 Factors Affecting Crane Capacity
Boom Angle

As boom lowers,
Capacity Decreases

Boom Angle

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 18
 Factors Affecting Crane Capacity
As radius increases,
Load Radius
capacity decreases.
The horizontal distance from the centre of the
rotation of the crane, to the centre of gravity
of the load, with the load suspended.

Load Radius

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 19
 Factors Affecting Crane Capacity
Quadrant of Operation

In some cases, capacity decreases from rear

to side to front because of decrease in
leverage. Operator MUST consult load chart
for capacity in operating quadrant.

Over
Over
Side
Rear

Over Over
Front Side

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 20
 Set-up Summary on Outriggers
Hook is directly
above the center Boom angle, boom length, and
of gravity load radius are known. Crane’s
rated capacity is known.

Rigging
is Correct Wheels
are clear
Load of ground
Weight
is known

Outrigger Pads are on Outriggers

solid footing or blocking extended to
manufacturer’s
…and crane is LEVEL
specifications
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 21
 Machine Selection Criteria

1. Lift Height

2. Lift Radius

3. Weight & Dimensions of Load

4. Type of Lifting ( precision

placement?)

5. Type of Carrier (lift quadrants)

6. Site Conditions (accessibility,

ground conditions, utility
locations)
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 22
 Conditions Requiring a Signaller Can you list 6?

1. Within boom’s length of approach * Loads picked at one point,

limits to powerlines lowered at another – two
signallers may be required.
2. Operator cannot see load

3. Path of travel not visible

4. Landing area not visible
5. Judgment of distance is difficult
6. Persons may be endangered by
equipment, machine or load
* Hand signals should be used only
when distance between operator and
signaller is not great and visibility is
clear. Telephone or radio
communications between operator
and signaller can be extremely
effective

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 23
 1 2
Hand Signals 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 24
 13 14
Hand Signals 15 16

…Continued

17 18 19

21 22 23
20

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 25
 Helicopter Lifting Operations

O.Reg. 213 sec.167

(1) Pilot competent to fly externally

loaded helicopter
(2) Pilot shall be in charge of hoisting
operation
(3) Ground personnel shall be
competent workers
(4) Constructor to take precautions re
rotor downwash.

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 26
 Helicopter Lifting Operations
Helicopter lifting procedures
are beyond the scope of this
Basic Hoisting and Rigging
Program.

Need More Information?

• CSAO booklet, “Helicopter
Lifting”, provides basic
information on hazard
awareness, procedures and
planning.
Note: To work safely on a
particular lift, additional job-
specific planning and training
would be required.

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 27
 Hoisting and Rigging – Basic Safety

Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 28