Maintaining a Healthy and

Safe Environment
 Common Physical Hazards of Old Age

1.Diseases and Physical

Handicaps
2.Malnutrition in old age
3.Dental disorders
4.Accidents

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 Basic First Aid for
Medical Emergencies
 What is First Aid?
It is an initial care to an illness or
injury mostly rendered by a non-
expert to a sick or injured person
until definite medical treatment
can be performed by a medical
team, or until the chance for
recovery without medical care is
ensured.
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 Prequiz:
True or False?

After an accident, immediately move the

victim to a comfortable position.
If a person is bleeding, use a tourniquet.
Signs of a heart attack include shortness
of breath, anxiety, and perspiration.
All burns can be treated with first aid
alone; no emergency medical attention
is necessary.

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 Help! Emergency!

Minutes could
make a difference

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 Four Basic Rules

1.2.Call
Bring
forhelp
helptoimmediately
the victim
4.3.Do no further
Check harm
the ABCs

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 Assess the Scene

Evaluate the scene

Assess safety
Prioritize care
Check for medical alert tags
Do head-to-toe check
Move only if necessary

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 • In approaching a victim, check the area
for immediate danger to yourself or to
the victim.
• Giving a First Aid to a person with HBV
and HIV- use protective equipment
whenever possible because there are
blood-borne pathogens and disease-
causing microorganisms that may be
present in human blood

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 Checking the Victim’s Vital Signs
and Evaluating Physical Condition

1. Primary survey for life-

threatening conditions
2. Secondary survey for non-
emergency conditions

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 Applying Basic First Aid
Techniques
1.Check if the airway is open.
2.Check for breathing
3.Check blood circulation.
4.Check for severe bleeding.
5.Check for a spinal cord injury.
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 First Aid Management

1.2.Call
Bring
forhelp
helptoimmediately
the victim
4.3.Do no further
Check harm
the ABCs

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 Shock
• Lay the victim down
• Cover
• Raise feet

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 Bleeding
• Stop the flow of blood
• Wear gloves
• Cover the wound
• Apply pressure
• If a body part has
been amputated,
put it on ice

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 Anaphylactic Shock
• Give the victim medication
• Call for help ASAP
• Start CPR if necessary

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 Heart Attack
• Call 911
• Make victim comfortable
• Loosen tight clothing
• Check for medication
• Keep victim still
• Don’t give stimulants

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 Choking
• Ask a person to speak
or cough
• Deliver 5 back blows
• Perform abdominal
thrusts
• Repeat sequence of back
blows and abdominal
thrusts

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 If Abdominal
Thrusts Don’t Work
• Call 911
• Finger sweep
• Abdominal thrusts
• Check ABCs
• Perform CPR if
not breathing

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 Electrical Shock
Don’t touch!
Turn power off
Call 911
Remove person
from live wire
Check for breathing

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 Match the problem with the correct first-aid procedure.

Bleeding CPR

Choking Elevate feet

Keep victim still
No breathing
Direct pressure
Heart attack
Abdominal thrusts
Shock
Sweeten deal

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 Review
Do you understand first-aid
procedures for:
• No breathing?
• Bleeding?
• Shock?
• Heart attack?
• Choking?
• Electrical shock?

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 Eye Injuries
• Splashes
• Particles in eye
• Blow to eye
• Cuts near eye
• Penetrating objects

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 Burns
• First-degree burns—Reddened, painful skin
• Second-degree burns—Blistering
• Third-degree burns—Charring, deep tissue damage

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 Exposure to
Hazardous Materials
• Eyes
• Skin
• Inhalation
• Ingestion

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 Broken Bones
• Look
• Ask
• Treat for shock

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 Heat Exhaustion
• Move to cool place
• Lay victim down
• Elevate feet
• Loosen clothing
• Give fluids
• Apply cool compresses

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&Legal
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Inc.1110
1110
 Heatstroke

• Immediately call 911

• Cool the person down
• Monitor

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 Fainting
• Check for breathing
• Administer CPR if
necessary
• Call 911 if more than
a few minutes
• If conscious, lay the
victim down with feet
elevated

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 Epileptic Seizures
• Remove victim from
hazards
• Check for breathing
• Nothing in the mouth
• Keep comfortable
• Call 911 if medical
assistance is needed

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 Multiple choice
Which is the worst
kind of burn?
For a particle in
the eye:
For inhalation of
vapors or gases:
For heatstroke:
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a. First degree
b. Third degree
a. Flush with water
b. Rub eye
a. Induce vomiting
b. Move to fresh air
a. Call 911
b. Don’t call 911
 Review
Do you understand first-aid
procedures for:
• Eye injuries?
• Burns?
• Exposure to hazardous
materials?
• Broken bones?
• Heat exhaustion and
heatstroke?
• Fainting?
• Epileptic seizures?

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 Key Points to Remember
Medical emergencies can happen anytime.
Act quickly, calmly, and correctly.
Consider being certified in first aid
and CPR.

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