MUMPS (PAROTITIS)

• Mumps is an acute, self-limited, systemic viral illness characterized by

the swelling of one or more of the salivary glands, typically the
parotid glands.
• Today, most reported mumps cases occur in school-aged children (age
5-14 year)
• Mumps is no longer very common in the United States. In 2015, an
estimated 422 cases were identified in US
 ETIOLOGY
• Mumps is caused by the RNA virus, Rubulavirus.
• Rubulavirus is within the genus Paramyxovirus and is a member of
the family Paramyxoviridae.
• This virus contains a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA surrounded
by a glycoprotein envelope.
• The virus usually causes mild disease in children, but in adults can
lead to complications, such as meningitis and orchitis
 TRANSMISSION
Mumps is a contagious disease caused by a virus. It spreads through
saliva or mucus from the mouth, nose, or throat. An infected person
can spread the virus by
• coughing, sneezing, or talking,
• sharing items, such as cups or eating utensils, with others, and
• touching objects or surfaces with unwashed hands that are then
touched by others.
 RISK FACTORS
• Lack of immunization
• international travel
• immune deficiencies are all factors
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Symptoms in the patient’s history consist mostly of fever, headache,
and malaise
• Within 24 hours, patients may report ear pain localized near the ear
lobe that is aggravated by a chewing movement of the jaw
• Older children may describe a swelling sensation at the mandibular
angle and an associated sour taste in the mouth
• Symptoms typically appear 16-18 days after infection, but this period
can range from 12-25 days after infection.
• Most people with mumps recover completely in a few weeks.
 PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• Ordinarily, the parotid gland is not palpable, but in patients with
mumps, it rapidly progresses to maximum swelling over several days.
• Submaxillary gland edema, palpable underneath and anterior to the
angle of the mandible, may be accompanied by edema spreading
onto the cheek and downward onto the neck.
 TREATMENT
• Diet : Avoidance of acidic foods (eg, tomato, vinegar-containing food
additives) and liquids (eg, orange juice) is beneficial to lessen oral
pain and discomfort.
• Bed rest
• Medication : Treatment of mumps is usually supportive care.
Ibuprofen or acetaminophen may be prescribed for severe headaches
or discomfort and pain due to parotitis.
 PREVENTION
• Vaccines MMR (mumps, measles, Rubella).
• CDC recommends that children routinely receive get two doses of
MMR vaccine: the first dose at 12 through 15 months of age, and the
second dose at 4 through 6 years of age.
 COMPLICATIONS
• inflammation of the testicles (orchitis) in males who have reached
puberty; rarely does this lead to fertility problems
• inflammation of the brain (encephalitis)
• inflammation of the tissue covering the brain and spinal cord
(meningitis)
• inflammation of the ovaries (oophoritis) and/or breasts (mastitis) in
females who have reached puberty
• deafness
 REFERENCES
• Defendi GL. Mumps. Available at
http://reference.medscape.com/article/966678-overview. Accessed :
September 23, 2015
• Mumps. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/mumps/. Accessed :
September 23, 2015
• Mumps. Available at http://www.who.int/topics/mumps/en/.
Accessed : September 23,2015