Enzymes
Overview
A. Reaction model
- E reversibly combines with S to form ES complex
that subsequently breaks down to P,
regenerating free E. The model, involving one
S molecule: k1 k2
E + S ↔ ES → E + P
K-1
B. Michaelis-Menten equation
- Describes how reaction velocity varies with [S]
V0 = initial velocity
Vmax [S] Vmax = maximal velocity
v0 = Km = Michaelis constant = (k-1 + k2)/k1
Km + [S] [S] = substrate conc
1. Characteristics of Km:
- Km is characteristic of an E and its particular S, and
reflects affinity of E for that S.
- Km is numerically = [S] at which reaction velocity is ½
Vmax. Km does not vary with conc of E
a. Small Km: reflects a high affinity of E for S, as low
conc of S is needed to half-saturate the E- i.e., reach a
velocity that is ½ Vmax
b. Large Km: reflects a low affinity of E for S. As high [S]
is needed to half saturate the E.
Figure 5.9
Effect of substrate
concentration on reaction
velocities for two enzymes:
enzyme 1 with a small Km,
and enzyme 2 with a large
Km.
2. Relationship of velocity to enzyme concentration
Km 1
1/v0 = +
Vmax [S] Vmax