WIND ENERGY

HISTORY OF WIND ENERGY

• As early as 5,000 B.C. (before masihi), wind
energy propelled boats along the Nile River and
helped Persians pump water and grind grain
between 500 and 900 B.C. As cultures harnessed
the power that wind offered, the use of
windmills spread from Persia to the
surrounding areas in the Middle East, where
windmills were used extensively in food
production.

• By the 11th century, wind power technology

spread north to European countries such as The
Netherlands, which adapted windmills to help
drain lakes and marshes in the Rhine River
Delta.
HISTORY OF WIND ENERGY (CONT)
 In the late of 19th century, they began using
windmills to pump water for farms and
ranches and later to generate electricity for
homes and industry.

 During World War II, the largest wind turbine

known as 1.25-megawatt turbine Grandpa’s
Knob that sat on a Vermont hilltop, fed
electric power to the local utility network.

 Eventually, in the of late 1980s, wind energy

continued to grow in Europe while wind
energy’s growth in U.S. slowed dramatically
after tax incentives ended.
OPERATION OF WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
 Blade are designed to accelerates air flow over one
surface of blade

 The difference in pressure between the two surfaces

of the blade causes blade to lift to the area of lower
pressure

 Lift applied to each blades causes the rotor to spin

 The rotor is connected to a shaft, and as the shaft

turns, it rotates generator that produces electricity
 The electricity created is transmitted through wiring
down the tower to an interconnection with the utility’s
transmission system

 A transformer increases the voltage to sent electricity

over

 Electricity delivered via power grid (distribution line)

 Power generated by wind turbine varies according to the

average wind speed and wind speed distribution

 Wind turbines also designed to shut down at very high

wind speeds (typically over 50 miles per hour), that may
cause potential damage to the system.
OPERATION OF WIND ENERGY (CONT)
Wind turbines placed in
Must be spaced
flat areas use more land
approximately 5 to 10
than located in hilly
rotor diameters apart
areas.

Large wind facilities use between

30 and 141 acres per megawatt
of power output capacity
Bird and bat deaths from collisions
with wind turbines

Habitat disruption

Wind farms located offshore will also

impact fish and other marine wildlife
 •Wind speed
•Percent of time the wind is
Factors blowing
•Material composition of the
wind turbine

• Wind-turbine: 0.02 and 0.04 pounds

of carbon dioxide
Warming • Natural gas generated electricity:
emissions (per 0.6 and 2 pounds of carbon dioxide
• Coal-generated electricity: 1.4 and
kilowatt-hour) 3.6 pounds of carbon dioxide
TOP WINDPOWER ELECTRICITY PRODUCING
COUNTRIES IN 2012 (TWh)
Country Windpower Production % of World Total
140.9 26.4
118.1 22.1
49.1 9.2
46.0 8.6
30.0 5.6
19.6 3.7
14.9 2.8
13.4 2.5
11.8 2.2
10.3 1.9
80.2 15.0
World Total 534.3 TWh 100%
Source:Observ'ER – Electricity Production From Wind Sources [2012][60]
 Wind energy application
Off-grid Applications
 Requiring relatively small amounts of
power, typically less than 10 kW
 Typically used in the charging of
batteries that store the energy
captured by the wind turbines and
provides the user with electrical
energy on demand
On-grid Applications
Two on-grid application types can be
distinguished.
 Isolated-grid electricity generation,
with wind turbine generation
capacity typically ranging from
approximately 10 kW to 200 kW.
 Central-grid electricity generation,
with wind turbine generation
capacity typically ranging from
approximately 200 kW to 2 MW.
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF
WIND ENERGY
 Advantages
 Friendly to surrounding
environment
 Wind turbines take up less
space than the average power
station
 Newer technologies making
the extraction of wind energy
much more efficient.
 Wind energy combine with
solar electricity-great energy
source.
 Disadvantages
 Generally produce allot less
electricity than the average
fossil fuelled power station.
 The strength of the wind is
not constant.
 Produce noise pollution.
 Protests or petitions usually
confront any proposed
wind farm development.
 ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
Noise from
wind turbine
 Telecommunication
 Do not effect radio and cellular signals because the
blades are made of wood, fibre glass or plastic
which are transparent to the communication
signals.

 Large commercial scale wind turbines sometimes

cause distortion of TV signals, “ghosting” of the
image, if the turbine is directly in the line of sight
with the station transmitter

 The problem can usually be overcome with a larger

antenna or a reception booster.
DISTORTION OF TELEVISION
THANK YOU :D