Describing Matter

2.2
  Matter has different properties
Matter  Physical properties
 Chemical properties
 Physical Properties

 Physical property: characteristic that can be observed or

measured without changing its chemical identity
 It is separated into two types: qualitative & quantitative
 Qualitative physical properties can be described and compared
using words
 Quantitative physical properties can be measured and assigned a
value
Qualitative: colour, odour, smell, texture, state etc.
 Quantitative:

 - boiling point, melting point, freezing

point, mass, volume, and density
  All matter has two things in common: mass
and volume
 Mass: quantity of matter in an object or
sample
 A balance is used to measure mass
 Common units include kilograms (kg), gram (g),
and milligram (mg)
Mass & Volume  Volume: amount of space a substance takes
up
 Solid is measured in cubic units: cubic metres
(m3), or cubic centimetres (cm3)
 Liquid & gas is measured in litres (L), or
millilitres (mL)
  Density is a physical property related to
mass and volume
 Density: quantity of mass in a certain
Density volume of material
 Units include grams per cubic centimeter
(g/cm3) for solids, and grams per milliliter
(g/mL) for liquids and gases
 Calculating Density

 Density it not measured directly, you measure the mass and volume
then calculate it using the equation:

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
  Jet fuel is tested to ensure it meets certain standards.
One standard is density. If a sample of jet fuel has a
mass of 8.30 g and a volume of 10.3 mL, what is its
density?

mass = 8.30 g
Density volume = 10.3 mL
Example 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
8.30 𝑔
=
10.3 𝑚𝐿
𝑔
= 0.806 𝑚𝐿
  You have a rock with a volume of 15cm3 and a mass of
45 g. What is its density?

You try… 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 45 𝑔 𝑔

𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = = = 3.0
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 15 𝑐𝑚3 𝑐𝑚3