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FIRANDICHA

ARITMIA
DEFINISI

Variasi-variasi diluar irama normal jantung berupa kelainan pada kecepatan,


keteraturan, tempat asal impuls, atau urutan aktivasi, dengan atau tanpa ada
nya penyakit struktural yang mendasari.
Seseorang dikatakan menderita aritmia bila
terdapat minimal salah satu berikut:
Irama jantung bukan berasal dari nodus sinoatrial
1 (atau nodus sinus)

Frekuensi denyut jantung < 60x / menit


2 (bradiaritmia) atau > 150x / menit (takiaritmia)

Irama jantung tidak teratur, sekalipun berasal dari


3 nodus sinus

Adanya hambatan konduksi impuls jantung


4
EPIDEMIOLOGI
• Di Amerika, > 850.000 orang dirawat di rumah sakit
karena aritmia setiap tahunnya.
• Umumnya terjadi pada orang dewasa yang lebih
tua.
• Aritmia yang terjadi pada usia lebih dari 60 bersifat
serius dan berat.
• Tipe aritmia yang sering teradi pada anak - anak dan re
maja adalah tipe Paroxysmal Supraventricular
Tachycardi (Sinus Aritmia).
ETIOLOGI

Gangguan Sirkulasi Koroner Peradangan Jantung


01 • Iskemi miokard
• Infark miokard
02 • Demam rematik
• Miokarditis

Kerusakan Struktur Jantung Gangguan Keseimbangan


03 • Gagal jantung
• Kardiomiopati
04 Asasm - Basa
• Hiper/hipo kalemi
• Asidosis / alkalosis
ETIOLOGI

Gangguan Endokrin Intoksikasi Obat


05 • Hipertiroid 06 • Digoxin
• Obat aritmia

Gangguan sistem saraf


07 otonom / pusat
Irama Sinus Normal
• Irama : Teratur

• Frekuensi : 60-100x/menit

• Gelombang P : Normal, setiap gelombang P selalu diikuti gelom


bang QRS dan gelombang T

• Interval PR : Normal (0,12 - 0,20 detik)

• Gelombang QRS : Normal (0,06 - 0,12 detik)


KLASIFIKASI
Dibagi menjadi 2 golongan besar :

ggg ggg
pembentukan penghantaran
impuls impuls
GANGGUAN PEMBENTUKAN IMPULS
Pembentukan Impuls di Atria (Aritmia Atrial)

1 Sinus Takikardi

2 Sinus Bradikardi

3 Sinus Aritmia

4 Henti Sinus
Sinus Takikardi
• Irama : Teratur
• Frekuensi : > 100-150x/menit
• Gelombang P: Normal, setiap gelombang P selalu diikuti gelomba
ng QRS dan gelombang T
• Interval PR: Normal
• Gelombang QRS: Normal
• Sering pada bayi dan anak kecil
• Etiologi & F. resiko: Aktifitas fisik, demam, hipovolemia, stimulasi
adrenergik, ansietas, hipotiroidisme, anemia, infeksi, sepsis, PPOK,
dan gagal jantung
Sinus Bradikardi
• Irama: Teratur
• Frekuensi Jantung (HR): < 60x/menit
• Gelombang P: Normal, setiap gelombang P selalu diikuti kompleks QRS dan gelo
mbang T
• Interval PR: Normal
• Gelombang QRS: reguler, sempit < 0,10 detik
Sinus Aritmia
• Irama: Tidak teratur Fre
• kuensi Jantung (HR) a : Biasanya
ntara 60-100x/menit
• Gelombang P: Normal, setiap gelombang
• Interval PR: Normal
• Gelombang QRS : Normal
• Dapat ditemukan pada orang sehat dan
tidak membutuhkan pengobatan
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