RF Optimization (Drive Test)

Objective (brief)

 Understanding Optimization
 Overview H/w used in TEMS
 Using TEMS
 Question in Interview
 Review
Objective
 Understanding meaning of RF Optimization
 H/w & S/W used in TEMS
 Understand GSM protocol
 Understand LAP-Dm
 Using TEMS
 Drop Call Analysis
 Handover Analysis
 Troubleshooting with TEMS
 Question in Interview
 Review
 Understanding Optimization

Optimization is the process of improving operation

of the network to better utilise available Infra.
to provide customers of the service the best possible
quality of service.
H/w & S/W used in TEMS
 TEMS Dongle
 TEMS software
 Laptop
 GPS
 Mobile
TMES Dongle
GPS
 Latitude

Longitude
Latitude parallel to equator
Longitude parallel to meridian
lat=19.187055N
lon=72.970878E
TEMS
Understand GSM protocol
Understand GSM protocol
Layer 3 Messages
Layer 3 Message
 System Information Type 1
 System Information Type 2
 System Information Type 3
 System Information Type 4
 System Information Type 5
 SYSTEM INFORMATION TYPE 1

 sent on the BCCH

 Information of control of the RACH
 SYSTEM INFORMATION TYPE 2
 sent on the BCCH
 BCCH allocation in the neighbour cells.
 SYSTEM INFORMATION TYPE 3
 The location area identification,
 The cell identity
 various other information about cell
System information type 5
 sent on the SACCH by the network

 Any change in the neighbour cells

description

 Mobile station must analyse all

correctly received messages.
 PAGING REQUEST TYPE 1

 sent on the CCCH by the network

 Up to two mobile stations
 PAGING REQUEST TYPE 2

 Three mobile stations

Understanding LAP-Dm
Layer 2 Messages
Using TEMS
Serving Cell
Cell ID
 16bit identifier

 CGI = Cell ID + MCC + MNC +LAC

 LAC < 65535

 (Cell Global Identity).

Base Station Identity Code

 Important in border areas

 3-bit network color code (NCC)

 assigned by regulatory authority

 3-bit base-station color code (BCC)

 assigned by the network operator
Serving and Nighbouring cell
 RxLEV

 Measured in dBm units

 Rxlev (-110 to – 47) dbm
 RxLEV (0 to 63)GSM unit
Cell selection
 For example,
 If the minimum allowed level is -100dBm

 Average received signal level is - 80dBm

 The terminal evaluates C1 as +20.

 The terminal always selects for attach the cell

with highest C1.
 Mobile allocation index offset (MAIO)

 Time delay separating traffic channels.

 Hopping sequence number (HSN).

 The hopping pattern must be known both by the

receiver and the transmitter.

 The smallest amount of interference on a site

Frame Erasure Rate

Speech Quality Index

Troubleshooting With TEMS
Troubleshooting With
TEMS

 Call drop

 Hand Over

 Congestion
 Troubleshooting Call Drop
 Check Interference
 Internal
 Co-channel Interference
 Change Frequency
 MS power
 Turn on Frequency Hopping
 Put more TRU
 External
 wireless alarm system
 Check Antenna Direction & Position
 Low Signal Strength
 Timing Advance
 Ping-pong Handover
 Call dropped on the TCH.
 Call dropped on the SDCCH
 DRAGON site
Excessive Timing advance
 TA value is higher than TALIM

 Reducing the coverage

 If cell is really covering far away from BTS

 Tilting the antennas,

 Reducing antenna height
 Changing antenna
 Reducing output power
Excessive Timing advance
 The maximum BTS radius of 35 Km
is divided into 64 TA steps

 i.e. 1 TA = 547 Meter OR 550 Meter

Excessive Timing advance

 Check the BTS error log

 Run commands: RXELP & RXMFP
Low signal strength
 Received signal level,
 Measured in dBm units
 Rxlev (-110 to – 47) dbm
 RxLEV (0 to 63)GSM unit.
 Either BCCH channel in idle mode
 both BCCH and TCH
Handover Analysis
Handover Analysis
 No or few handover attempts:

 whether the target cell is congested, if

congested, solves the congestion problem.

 Check if BTS is defined but might not be in

service.
Handover Analysis

(BTS Log)
PDF
Question in Interview –1
How to connect gps and mobile?
GPS components used?
whic mobiles are been used?
Laptop which pin is used to connect the gps?
what parameters are used to measure call drop?
what parameters are used to measure handoff?
what u mean by RX-LEVEL?
what u mean by RX-QUAL?
what does the term power budget mean?
Assignment for Student
 How can you calculate the coverage and capacity of a GSM
network?
 How do you make a link budget?
 Which parameters are included in “System Information”?
 How can you increase coverage and capacity?
 How does the choice of antennas affect network performance?
 What are C/I, C/A ?
 How can repeaters improve the network performance?
Thank you

Design by Mahesh Tawade