Chapter 07 - Data Structures & Internal Tables

IBM Global Services
Data structures and Internal tables
Data Structure & Internal Tables | March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation

3.07
IBM Global Services
Objectives
 The participants will be able to:

 Create a Structure in an ABAP Program
 Create an Internal Table in an ABAP program
 Populate an Internal Table with data
 Read Database information into an Internal Table
2 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
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Data Structures
Structure Internal Table
Address List Address List
LN FN City ST. LN FN City ST.
LN FN City ST.
LN FN City ST.
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Declaring a Structure - Method #1

Is this statement
1 REPORT YN1C0008. necessary for the
2 code?
3 TABLES: TABNA. Basic Syntax:
4 DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS, DATA: BEGIN OF <name>
5 FLAG TYPE C,
6 ID LIKE TABNA-ID, <field1> . . .
7 NAME1 LIKE TABNA-NAME1, <field2> . . .
8 CITY LIKE TABNA-CITY,
9 END OF ADDRESS. ...
10 MOVE ‘X’ TO ADDRESS-FLAG. END OF <name>.
11 MOVE ‘0001’ TO ADDRESS-ID.
12 MOVE ‘Smith’ TO ADDRESS-NAME1.
13 MOVE ‘Philadelphia’ TO
14 ADDRESS- CITY. Address Structure
15 WRITE ADDRESS. Flag ID Name1 City
16
17
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Declaring a Structure - Method #2

REPORT Yxxxxxxx. Basic Syntax:
TYPES: BEGIN OF ADDR, TYPES: BEGIN OF <name1>,
FLAG, <field1> . . . ,
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID, <field2> . . . ,
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1, ... ,
CITY LIKE EMPLOYEE-CITY, END OF <name1>.
END OF ADDR. DATA: <name2> TYPE
<name1>.
DATA: ADDRESS TYPE ADDR.
MOVE: ‘X’ TO ADDRESS-FLAG,
‘00001’ TO ADDRESS-ID,
Address Structure
‘Smith’ TO ADDRESS-NAME1, Flag ID Name1 City
‘Philadelphia’ TO ADDRESS-CITY.
WRITE ADDRESS.
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Populating a Structure with Field-by-Field Transport
REPORT Y170DM37.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE. EMPLOYEE
ID Name1 City
DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS,
000000001 Electronics Inc. Waldorf
FLAG,
Address MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID, TO ADDRESS.
NAME LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
Flag ID Name City
CITY LIKE EMPLOYEE-CITY,
END OF ADDRESS. 000000001 Waldorf
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. Clear <f1>.

MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE
TO ADDRESS.
WRITE: / ADDRESS-FLAG,
ADDRESS-ID, ADDRESS-NAME,
ADDRESS-CITY.
CLEAR ADDRESS.
ENDSELECT.
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Demonstration
 Declaring a structure and populating the structure with values inside a program.
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Practice
 Declaring a structure and populating the structure with values inside a program.
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Internal Table Types
 Standard
 Sorted
 Hashed
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Creating an Internal Table with Header Line

REPORT Y170DM38.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE. The TYPES statement defines
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, the structure and data type
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID, for the internal table.
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1, The DATA statement with an
COUNTRY LIKE INITIAL SIZE creates the
EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY, actual internal table capable
END OF EMP. of storing data. Because of
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE the WITH HEADER LINE
OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH addition, this internal table is
HEADER LINE. created with a header line.
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. Header Line
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO
EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
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Internal Table Keys
 Implicit Key
 All character fields
 Explicit Key
 User-defined
e.g. WITH [ UNIQUE/NON-UNIQUE ] KEY FIELD1 FIELD2 ...
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Size of an Internal Table
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Loading an Internal Table with a Header Line
APPEND <int. table>. APPEND <int. table>

SORTED BY <field>.
Department Salary Department Salary
Header
R&D 400,000 R&D 400,000
MKTG 1,000,000 1 PROD 7,800,000
SALES 500,000 2 MKTG 1,000,000
PROD 7,800,000 3 SALES 500,000
IT 50,000 4 HR 140,000
HR 140,000 5 IT 50,000
6
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Loading an Internal Table with a Header Line

REPORT Y170DM42.
With both versions of the
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
APPEND statement,
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, memory space for ten
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY, records is allocated when
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID, the first record is written to
the internal table.
SALARY LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALARY,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE Example 1
OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE. More than ten entries can be
saved in the internal table.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
Example 2
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB. A maximum of ten entries
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB. can be saved in the
OR internal table. Any
APPEND EMPTAB SORTED BY SALARY.
entries that exceed the
ENDSELECT. top ten will
be deleted.
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Internal Table with Header Line
EMPLOYEE
A
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
B Header Line
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1 EMPLOYEE

USA 00000001 Company Baker Distributors BAKER . . .
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
Header Line
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1 EMPLOYEE

2
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
00000001 Baker Distributors USA Header Line
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1 EMPLOYEE
2
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
00000001 Baker Distributors USA Header Line
00000001 Baker Distributors USA 1

3
This header line
2 is attached to the
body of the
3 internal table.
. .
. .
. .
10
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4 EMPLOYEE

USA 00000002 Company Diversified Indust.. DIVERS . . .
5
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
00000002 Diversified Indust... USA Header Line
6 2
00000002 Diversified Indust... USA
3
. .
. .
. .
10
IBM Global Services
Creating an Internal Table without a Header Line

REPORT Y170DM40.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE. The TYPES statement defines
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, the structure and data type
for the internal table and its
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID, work area
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
The DATA statement with an
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY, INITIAL SIZE creates the
END OF EMP. actual internal table without a
header line. The DATA
statement without the INITIAL
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE SIZE creates the work area for
OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10, the internal table.
EMPTAB_WA TYPE EMP.
Work Area ID NAME1 COUNTRY

MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB_WA.
APPEND EMPTAB_WA TO EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT. APPEND <work area> to <EMPTAB>.
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Internal Table without a Header Line WHY???
Separate Internal Table Work Area
Performance Issues
Nested Internal Tables
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Internal Table without a Header Line
EMPLOYEE
A
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
B Work Area
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Internal Table without a Header Line

1 EMPLOYEE
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORT . . .

ID NAME1 COUNTRY
2
00000001 Baker Distributors USA Work Area
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
3 This work area
2 is not attached
to the body of
the internal
3
. table.
.
.
10
IBM Global Services
Transferring ABAP Dictionary Table Structures
REPORT Y170DM41.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
DATA: EMPTAB LIKE STANDARD TABLE OF
EMPLOYEE INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
The internal table EMPTAB
will have the exact same
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. structure as the dictionary
MOVE EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB. table EMPLOYEE.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
Notice the MOVE statement

instead of a MOVE-
CORRESPONDING.
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Automatic Field Conversion
 MOVE-CORRESPONDING or MOVE field to field

 Individual field type conversion
 MOVE
 Structure to structure
 Field to structure
 Structure to field
 Intermediate C type
 Followed by adoption of new types
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Mass Reading from Database Tables into Internal Tables
REPORT Y170DM69.
SELECT * FROM <table> . . .
TABLES: EMPLOYEE. 1. INTO TABLE <EMPTAB>.
2. APPENDING TABLE
DATA: EMPTAB LIKE STANDARD TABLE <EMPTAB>.
EMPLOYEE INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB

Notice no ENDSELECT is
WHERE COUNTRY = ‘USA’. needed here because no
loop processing occurs.
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Processing an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM45.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY, This LOOP AT <EMPTAB>
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1, statement allows for a logical
SALES LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALES, expression in a WHERE clause
END OF EMP.
to limit the processing of the
internal table.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10
WITH HEADER LINE.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT EMPTAB WHERE COUNTRY BETWEEN ‘A’ AND ‘D’. If no internal table
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1, entries qualify under the
EMPTAB-SALES. logical expression, the
ENDLOOP. statement within the
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0. loop is not executed and
WRITE: / ‘NO ENTRIES’. SY-SUBRC is set to 4.
ENDIF.
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System Field SY-TABIX

REPORT Y170DM46.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.

COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
PARAMETERS: START LIKE SY-TABIX DEFAULT 10,

Screen output
END LIKE SY-TABIX DEFAULT 20.
APPEND EMPTAB. SY-TABIX
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT EMPTAB FROM START TO END.
WRITE: / SY-TABIX, EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1.
ENDLOOP.
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Accumulating Data within an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM43.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
COLLECT <EMPTAB>.
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY, Country Sales
Header
SALES LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALES, D 400,000
Line
END OF EMP. USA 1,000,000
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP GB 500,000
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE. D 7,800,000
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. Screen output

A 371,065.00
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO
CH 45,305.00
EMPTAB.
D 8,200,000.00
COLLECT EMPTAB. F 0.00
ENDSELECT. GB 500,000.00
LOOP AT EMPTAB. NL 577,000.00
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-SALES. NO 234.00
USA 1,000,000.00
ENDLOOP.
HK 0.00
IBM Global Services
Sorting an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM44.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
Sorting options:
1) SORT <EMPTAB> - sorts the
entries of the internal table
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1, <EMPTAB> in ascending
SALES LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALES, order.
END OF EMP. 2) SORT <EMPTAB> BY <field> -
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP sorts the table on one or more
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE. fields within the table.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
SORT EMPTAB BY SALES DESCENDING. screen output
LOOP AT EMPTAB.
WRITE: / ITAB-COUNTRY, ITAB-NAME1, ITAB-SALES.
ENDLOOP.
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Control Level Processing
 AT FIRST
 AT NEW < field >
 AT END < field >
 AT LAST
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Reading a Single Table Entry
REPORT Y170DM47.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
END OF EMPTAB.

WITH HEADER LINE.

APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
READ TABLE ….
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Reading a Single Table Entry - Options

READ TABLE <EMPTAB> options:
1) READ TABLE <EMPTAB>.
2) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY <k1> = <v1>…
<kn> = <vn>.
3) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH TABLE KEY <k1> = <v1> ...
<kn> = <vn>.
4) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY = <value>.
5) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY . . . BINARY SEARCH.
6) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
7) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> COMPARING <f1> <f2> . . . .
8) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> COMPARING ALL FIELDS.
9) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> TRANSPORTING <f1> <f2> . . . .
10) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS.
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Maintaining Internal Tables

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. INSERT <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
APPEND EMPTAB. MODIFY <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
ENDSELECT.
DELETE <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
READ TABLE EMPTAB INDEX 1.
MOVE ‘ABC’ TO EMPTAB-NAME1.
MODIFY EMPTAB INDEX SY-TABIX.
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0.
WRITE / ‘Attempt to modify failed.’.
ELSE. Check SY-SUBRC after
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, every attempt to change
EMPTAB-NAME1. an internal table entry.
ENDIF.
INSERT EMPTAB INDEX 1.
DELETE EMPTAB INDEX SY-TABIX.
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Working with an Internal Table without a Header Line
APPEND <work area> TO <internal table>.
COLLECT <work area> INTO <internal table>.
INSERT <work area> INTO <internal table>.
MODIFY <internal table> FROM <work area>.
READ TABLE <internal table> INTO <work area>.
LOOP AT <internal table> INTO <work area>.
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Deleting an Internal Table
CLEAR <internal table>
 Initialises the header

line.
REFRESH <internal table>
 Internal table lines
remain unchanged.
FREE <internal table>
 Deletes all table lines.
 Storage space is not
released.  Deletes all table lines.
 Paging is released.  Storage space is
released.
 Header line remains
unchanged.  Header line remains
unchanged
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Information about an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM49.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
END OF EMP.
WITH HEADER LINE,
DESCRIBE TABLE <internal table>
LINE_COUNT TYPE I,
LINES <var1>
INITIAL_COUNT TYPE I.
OCCURS <var2>.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
DESCRIBE TABLE EMPTAB
LINES LINE_COUNT
OCCURS INITIAL_COUNT.
WRITE: / ‘ lines:’, LINE_COUNT, screen output
/ ‘occurs:’, INITIAL SIZE_COUNT.
IBM Global Services
Calling the SAP Table Editor
REPORT Y170DM50.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
END OF EMP,
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE,
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
EDITOR-CALL FOR EMPTAB.
CHECK SY-SUBRC EQ 0.
LOOP AT EMPTAB WHERE NAME1 EQ ‘Maurice Cheeks’.
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1.
ENDLOOP.
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0. WRITE: / ‘No records.’. ENDIF.
screen output
IBM Global Services
Demonstration
 Declaring an internal table, populating it by selecting data from the table and then
looping into it and displaying the data fetched.
IBM Global Services
Practice
 Declaring an internal table, populating it by selecting data from the table and then
looping into it and displaying the data fetched.
IBM Global Services
Summary
 Structures in code are temporary objects in program memory.

 A structure can be defined using a combination of the TYPES and DATA
statements.
 The statement MOVE-CORRESPONDING transports values field by field
between the ABAP data structures.
 Internal table, that can store records of data temporarily during the
processing of a program.
 3 different types of internal tables: Standard, Sorted, and Hashed.
 An internal table object is created with the DATA statement by referring to an
internal table type using the TYPE parameter
 APPEND statement adds the contents of the header line to the end of the
internal table.
 the system field SY-TABIX is set to the line number of the entry read.
IBM Global Services
Summary (Contd.)
 The CLEAR statement resets all fields to their initial value.

 The REFRESH statement deletes all table lines.
 The FREE statement releases the storage space required for a table.
IBM Global Services
Questions
 What is a Structure?
 What is an internal table?
 What are the different types of internal tables are there?
 Explain the following statements :
 Move corresponding
 Append
 Clear
 Refresh
 Free.

Chapter 07 - Data Structures & Internal Tables

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Chapter 07 - Data Structures & Internal Tables

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IBM Global Services

Data structures and Internal tables

Data Structure & Internal Tables | March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation

 The participants will be able to:

Structure Internal Table

Address List Address List

LN FN City ST. LN FN City ST.

Declaring a Structure - Method #1

Declaring a Structure - Method #2

Populating a Structure with Field-by-Field Transport

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. Clear <f1>.

Internal Table Types

Creating an Internal Table with Header Line

Internal Table Keys

Size of an Internal Table

Loading an Internal Table with a Header Line

APPEND <int. table>. APPEND <int. table>

Loading an Internal Table with a Header Line

Internal Table with Header Line

Internal Table with Header Line

COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .

Internal Table with Header Line

COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .

Internal Table with Header Line

COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .

USA 00000001 Company Baker Distributors BAKER . . .

00000001 Baker Distributors USA 1

Internal Table with Header Line

COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .

00000001 Baker Distributors USA 1

Creating an Internal Table without a Header Line

Work Area ID NAME1 COUNTRY

Internal Table without a Header Line WHY???

Separate Internal Table Work Area

Nested Internal Tables

Internal Table without a Header Line

Internal Table without a Header Line

COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORT . . .

Transferring ABAP Dictionary Table Structures

Notice the MOVE statement

Automatic Field Conversion

 MOVE-CORRESPONDING or MOVE field to field

Mass Reading from Database Tables into Internal Tables

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB

Processing an Internal Table

System Field SY-TABIX

TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,

PARAMETERS: START LIKE SY-TABIX DEFAULT 10,

Accumulating Data within an Internal Table

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. Screen output

Sorting an Internal Table

Control Level Processing

Reading a Single Table Entry

DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.

Reading a Single Table Entry - Options

Maintaining Internal Tables

Working with an Internal Table without a Header Line

APPEND <work area> TO <internal table>.

COLLECT <work area> INTO <internal table>.

INSERT <work area> INTO <internal table>.

MODIFY <internal table> FROM <work area>.

READ TABLE <internal table> INTO <work area>.