Non Cardiac Surgery
Non Cardiac Surgery
Minor
Advanced age
Abnormal ECG (left ventricular hypertrophy, left bundle branch block, ST-T
abnormalities)
Rhythm other than sinus (eg, atrial fibrillation)
Low Functional capacity (eg, inability to climb one flight of stairs with a bag of
groceries)
History of stroke
Uncontrolled systemic hypertension
10
From ACC/AHA Guideline update on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for non Cardiag Surgery
Shortcut to noninvasive testing
in preoperative patients
if any two factors are present
18
Nitropruside and
dopamine
normal Digitalis
Output symptoms
Low cardiac
Diuretics nitrates
Heart failure
Pulmonary
Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (mmHg) congestion
Ventricular function curves depicting effects of various agents used for treating heart failure.
Diuretics and nitrates lower filling pressure along the same curve and have little action on
forward cardiac output. Positive inotropic agents and arterial vasodilators shift the
ventricular function curve upward and to the left, increasing cardiac output for any left
ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The combination of an arterial vasodilator and a positive
inotropic agents (e.g, nitropruside and dopamine or amrinone) can augment cardiac output
and lower filling pressure to a greater extent.
19
INTRAOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
Penggunaan Pulmonary Artery Catheter (PAC)
- Diperkirakan terjadi peningkatan fluid shifts
- CHF akibat komplikasi MI
- Pada CAD yang signifikan yang menjalani prosedur yang
berhubungan dengan stress hemodinamik yang signifikan ;
dan pada sistolik dan diastolik LV disfunction,
cardiomiopaty dan valvular disease yang menjalani
operasi dengan resiko tinggi
21
INTRAOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
Regional VS General Anestesia pada Pasien dengan Penyakit Jantung
- Bode RH Jr, Lewis KP, Zarich SW, et al. comparison of general and regional anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1996;84:3-13
- Mangano DT. Perioperative cardiac morbidity. Anesthesiology 1990;72:153-184 22
- Norris EJ, Beattie C, Perler BA, et al. Anesthesiology 2001;95:1054-1067
INTRAOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
INDUKSI ANESTESI
Martin DE, Rosenberg H, Aukburg SJ, et al. Lowe-dose fentanyl blunts circulatory responses to tracheal intubation. Anest Analg 1982;61:680
23
INTRAOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
Penggunaan Obat Anestesia
- Pada akhir pembedahan, diharapkan dapat dilakukan
ekstubasi. Digunakan N2O dan kombinasi Isoflurane dosis
rendah dan Fentanil untuk mempertahankan anestesia
- Narkotik dosis tinggi sebaiknya dicegah bila ventilasi
postoperative tidak direncanakan
- Pemakaian intermediate-acting neuromoscular blocking
agent seperti vecuronium, atracurium dan rocuronium
dapat digunakan secara aman karena tidak menyebabkan
perubahan kardiovaskular
- Fleming N.Con: the chice of muscle relaxants is not important in cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vas Anesth :
1995;9:772-774
- Hudson RJ, Thomson IR. Pro: the choice of muscle relaxants is important in cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac
24Vas
Anesth 1995;9:768-771
INTRAOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
Depressi Segment ST
- Helfman SM, Gold MI, Delissen EA, et al. Anesth Analg 1991;72:482-486
- Mikawa K, Nishina K, Maekawa N, et al. Anesth Analg 1996;82:1205-1210 26