THE BLOOD SAMPLING

BY GROUP 4

ANWAR MOHUNGO
AZIZ KURNIAWAN
REDO DALPA
 Background

The practice of bloodletting has long been known to man and is part
of the treatment of patients. The first technique of expelling blood
(100 BC) was done by doctors from Syria using leeches. Before
known Hippocrates with the title "Father of Medical Science" (5th
century BC), the art of blood taking a lot of changes as well as
various tools for the purposes of taking and storage of blood
material. The levers for blood collection were first used before the
5th century BC by still referring to leeches as a basic form. With this
lanceolate a doctor (practitioner) perforated the vein, sometimes up
to several holes. Towards the end of the 19th century then
technology took over producing "artificial leech". It has now become
known for a variety of blood-picking tools and is easily available on
the market.
 Definition of Phlebotomy

Flebotomi (in english : phlebotomy) comes from the Greek phleb

dantomia. Phleb means veins and tomia means slicing / cutting
("cutting"). It used to be known as the sectie vein (Bld), venesection or
veni section (Ing). While Flebotomist is a medic who has been trained
to remove and collect blood specimens from veins, arteries or
capillaries. Flebotomy technique is a method of taking blood (sampling)
for the purpose of laboratory tests or blood collection can also be
donated
 How to Get Blood
1. Venous Blood Collection
The tools used to take the venous blood, namely:
A. Gloves
It is an important physical barrier to infection, but it
must be replaced by contact with one patient to
another to cure cross-contamination. Gloves should
be worn when using blood, body, secretions and
excretion (except sweat). The health worker
(plebotomist) uses gloves for three reasons:
. Reduce the risk of health workers.
· Prevent transmission of skin flora officers to patients
. Reduce contamination with health workers with
microorganisms that can move from one patient to
another
B. Mask
are used to keep splashes out when health workers or surgeons speak, cough,
sneeze, and also prevent contaminated blood or body fluids from entering the
nose or mouth of health workers.
C. SpuitIs
a tool used for blood collection or intravenous injection with a certain volume.
The syringe has a scale that can be used to measure the amount of blood to be
taken, the volume of the syringe varies from 1ml, 3ml, 5ml and even up to 50ml
which is usually used for administration of sonde or syring pump.
D. Tourniquet
Tourniquet Is a flexible mechanical material, usually made of stretchable. Used
for healers or blood vessel levers on organs that will be stabbed plebotomy. The
purpose of this containment is for fixation, inauguration of the veins to be taken.
And also to increase the venous pressure to be taken, so it will simplify the
process of siphoning blood into the syringe.
E. an alcohol swabIs an ingredient of wool or cotton which is easy to absorb and
wetted with antiseptic in the form of ethyl alcohol. The purpose of using alcohol
cotton is to remove dirt that can interfere with the observation of the location of the
vein as well as sterilize the stabbing area so that the risk of infection can be
suppressed.
F. Needle, Wing NeedleIt is the tip of the syringe or needle used for vacuum
retrieval. This needle is non fixed or mobile so it is easily removed from the
syringe and vacuum container. Needle replacement is intended to adjust to the
magnitude of the vein to be taken or to the comfort of the patient requiring small
needle removal.
G. Vacuum TubeThe vacuum tube was first marketed under the trade name
Vacutainer. This type of tube is a vacuum reaction tube, made of glass or plastic.
When the tube is attached to the needle, the blood will flow into the tube and stop
flowing when a certain amount of volume has been reached.
H. Blood ContainerTube where the blood shelter is not air vacuum. This is
commonly used for manual inspections, and with specific uses such as the
creation of self-containers for cost efficiency.I. PlasterUsed for final fixation of
plebotomy wound closure, thus helping the wound healing process and preventing
infection due to injury or trauma due to stabbing.
Work Procedures

In venipuncture, the blood sample is generally taken from the median

cubital vein, anterior to the arm (the side in the elbow crease). This is
located close to the skin surface, large enough, and no large nerve
supply. If not possible, chepalica vein or basilica vein may be the
next choice. Venipuncture in the basilica vein should be performed
with caution because of its proximity to the brachial artery and
median nerve. If the vena cephalica and basilica turn out to be
unusable, then blood can be taken in the vein in the wrist area. Take
with extreme care and use smaller size needles. Sites that are not
allowed to be taken by blood are:

· Arm on the side of the mastectomy

· Edema area
· Hematoma
· Areas where blood is being transfused
· Area scar
· Areas with cannula, fistula or vascular grafts
Intra-vein area Blood collection in this
area can cause the blood to become
more dilute and can increase or
decrease the level of certain
substances. There are two ways in the
blood venous removal, the manual and
vacuum manner. Manual way is done by
using syringes, while the vacuum by
using vacuum tube.
Some important things to consider in the blood venous taking
are:
1) Installation of long-time and over-tight attachment (overlap)
belts can cause hemoconcentration (increased hematocrit /
PCV and elemensel values), increased substrate levels (total
protein, AST, iron, cholesterol, total lipids)
2) removing tourniquets after removable needles may cause
hematoma.
3) The needle is released before the vacuum tube is fully
charged causing the air to enter the tube and damaging the red
blood cells.
4) stabbing that is not once subject to the entry of fluid tissue so
as to activate the freezing. In addition, multiple stabbings are
also potentially causing a sigh. An improper needle improperly
enters the vein causing blood to leak with the result of a
hematoma
5) The pierced skin is still wet by alcohol causing sample
haemolysis due to contamination by alcohol, burning and
excessive pain in the patient when the stabbing is done.
THANK YOU SO MUCH