DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES

review
WHAT IS DYNAMICS?

•It is branch of mechanics which deals

with the study of bodies in motion.
 BRANCHES OF DYNAMICS

KINEMATICS
• This term is used to define the
motion of a particle or body
without consideration of the
forces causing the motion.
KINETICS
• It is used to define the motion of
a particle or body without
consideration of the forces
causing the motion.
KINEMATICS
PARTICLE
• It is a term used to denote a point size object.

• A system of particle that form an appreciable size is called body.

• In general, a particle is used when the object is relatively small

compare to its path
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
• It is a motion along a straight line
• Could be classified into four categories:
1. MOTION WITH CONSTANT VEOCITY
2. MOTION WITH CONSTANT ACCELERATION
3. MOTION WITH VARIABLE ACCELERATION
4. FREE FALLING BODY
MOTION WITH CONSTANT VELOCITY
• s=vt

• s- distance
• v- velocity
• t- time
MOTION WITH CONSTANT ACCELERATION

s = distance
vi = initial velocity
vf = final velocity
a = acceleration
t = time
FREE FALLING BODY

h = height
v = velocity
g = acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2 in SI = 32.2
ft/s2 in English)
t = time
MOTION W/ VARIABLE ACCELERATION
PROBLEM 1
• On a certain stretch of track,
trains run at 60 mph (96.56 kph).
How far back of a stopped train
should be a warning torpedo be
placed to signal an oncoming
train? Assume that the brakes are
applied at once and retard the
train at the uniform rate of 2
ft/sec2 (0.61 m/s2).
PROBLEM 2

•A stone is thrown
vertically upward
and return to earth
in 10 sec. What was
its initial velocity and
how high did it go?
PROBLEM 3
• A ball is dropped from the top of a tower 24.38
m high at the same instant that a second ball is
thrown upward from the ground with an initial
velocity of 12.19 m/s. When and where do they
pass, and with what relative velocity?
PROBLEM 4
• A stone is dropped down a
well and 5 sec later, the
sounds of the splash is
heard. If the velocity of
sound is 1120 ft/sec
(341.376 m/s), what is the
depth of the well?
PROBLEM 5
• A stone is dropped from a captive balloon at
an elevation of 1000 ft (304.8 m). Two
seconds later another stone is thrown
vertically upward from the ground with a
velocity of 248 ft/s (75.6 m/s). When and
where the stones pass each other?
PROBLEM 6

•A stone is thrown vertically upward from

the ground with a velocity of 14.72 m per
sec. One second later another stone is
thrown vertically upward with a velocity of
29.44 m per sec. How far above the ground
will the stones be at the same level?
PROBLEM 7

•A ball is shot vertically into the air at a

velocity of 193.2 ft per sec (58.9 m per sec).
After 4 sec, another ball is shot vertically
into the air. What initial velocity must the
second ball have in order to meet the first
ball 386.4 ft (117.8 m) from the ground?
PROBLEM 8

•A stone is thrown vertically up from the

ground with a velocity of 300 ft per sec
(91.44 m/s). How long must one wait before
dropping a second stone from the top of a
600-ft (182.88-m) tower if the two stones
are to pass each other 200 ft (60.96 m) from
the top of the tower?
PROBLEM 9
• A ship being launched
slides down the ways with
constant acceleration. She
takes 8 sec to slide (the
first foot | 0.3048 meter).
How long will she take to
slide down the ways if
their length is (625 ft |
190.5 m)?
PROBLEM 10
• A train moving with constant
acceleration travels 7.32 m/s
during the 10th sec of its
motion and 5.49 m/s during
the 12th sec of its motion.
Find its initial velocity and its
constant acceleration.
PROBLEM 11
• I COPY
PROBLEM 12
• Particles A and B are elevated 12 meters high
from a given reference base. Particle A is
projected down an incline of length 20 meters at
the same time particle B is let to freely fall
vertically. Find the velocity of projection of
particle A if both particles strikes the base at the
same time.
Curvilinear Translation
(Projectile Motion)
Projectile motion
• Projectile motion follows a parabolic trajectory.
• The vertical component of projectile is under constant
gravitational acceleration and the horizontal
component is at constant velocity.
• For easy handling, resolve the motion into x and y
components and use the formulas in rectilinear
translation.
PROBLEM 1

•A projectile is fired at the top of a 30-m

building at an angle of 20° with the
horizontal. If the muzzle velocity of the
projectile is 300 m/s, how long will it
take for the projectile to reach the
ground?
PROBLEM 2

•A ball is thrown at an angle of 30° to

the horizontal and lands on the top
edge of the building 5 m high. If the
building is 20m away, determine the
initial velocity of the ball.
PROBLEM 3

•A baseball batter hits his home run ball with

a velocity of 110 ft/s at an angle of 45°
above the horizontal. If the ball hits the top
of a screen at the 300 ft mark and bounces
to the crowd, how high above the ground is
the top of the screen?
PROBLEM 4

•From the top of a hill inclined at

30°, a projectile is fired with a
velocity of 50ft/s. If the projectile is
positioned perpendicular to the
surface of the hill, determine its
range down the hill.
PROBLEM 5

•A golf ball leaves the golf

club at an angle of 60° above
the horizontal reference with
a velocity of 25m/s. how high
does it go?
PROBLEM 6

•A projectile with a muzzle velocity of

500m/s is fired from a gun on a top of a
cliff 420 above the sea level. If the
projectile hits the water surface 48
seconds after it is fired, determine the
horizontal range of the projectile.
ROTATIONAL KINEMATICS
ROTATIONAL KINEMATICS
• The kinematics of rotational motion describes the relationships
among rotation angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and
time.
• Solving rotational problems is like solving rectilinear problems with
just few modifications
PROBLEM 1
• A deep-sea fisherman hooks a big fish
that swims away from the boat pulling
the fishing line from his fishing reel. The
whole system is initially at rest and the
fishing line unwinds from the reel at a
radius of 4.50 cm from its axis of
rotation. The reel is given an angular
acceleration of 110 rad/s2 for 2.00 s as
seen in Figure 1. (a) What is the final
angular velocity of the reel? (b) At what
speed is fishing line leaving the reel
after 2.00 s elapses? (c) How many
revolutions does the reel make? (d)
How many meters of fishing line come
off the reel in this time?
PROBLEM 2
• If the fisherman
applies a brake to the
spinning reel,
achieving an angular
acceleration of -300
rad/s2. How long
does it take the reel
to come to a stop?
PROBLEM 3
• Large freight trains accelerate
very slowly. Suppose one such
train accelerates from rest, giving
its 0.350-m-radius wheels an
angular acceleration of 0.250
rad/s2. After the wheels have
made 200 revolutions (assume no
slippage): (a) How far has the
train moved down the track? (b)
What are the final angular
velocity of the wheels and the
linear velocity of the train?
PROBLEM 4
• A person decides to use a
microwave oven to reheat some
lunch. In the process, a fly
accidentally flies into the
microwave and lands on the outer
edge of the rotating plate and
remains there. If the plate has a
radius of 0.15 m and rotates at 6.0
rpm, calculate the total distance
traveled by the fly during a 2.0-min
cooking period. (Ignore the start-
up and slow-down times.)
PROBLEM 5
• With the aid of a
string, a gyroscope is
accelerated from rest
to 32 rad/s in 0.40
s. (a) What is its
angular acceleration
in rad/s2? (b) How
many revolutions
does it go through in
the process?
PROBLEM 6
• A gyroscope slows from an
initial rate of 32.0 rad/s at
a rate of 0.700 rad/s2. (a)
How long does it take to
come to rest? (b) How
many revolutions does it
make before stopping?
KINETICS
KINETICS

•In physics and engineering, kinetics is

the branch of classical mechanics that is
concerned with the relationship
between motion and its causes,
specifically, forces and torques.
NEWTONS LAW OF MOTION
• Newton's First Law states that an object will remain at rest or in
uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external
force.

• Newton's Second Law

• Newton's third law: All forces in the universe occur in equal but
oppositely directed pairs. "For every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction."
NEWTONS FIRST LAW
PROBLEM 1
• A 1000 kg spaceship is travelling in the vacuum space at a constant
velocity of 500 m/s. ignoring any gravitational forces, what is the net
force of the space ship?
PROBLEM 2
• A passenger in an elevator has
a mass that exerts a force of
100N downwards. He
experiences a normal force
upwards from the elevator's
floor of 120N. What direction is
he accelerating in, if at all, and
at what rate?
PROBLEM 3
• A box is sliding down a plane that has a inclination angle of 10°.
Calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction if the box is moving at a
constant velocity
PROBLEM 4
• A skydiver of mass 92
kg has reached
terminal velocity at 52
m/s. Estimate the
force of wind
resistance she is
experiencing.
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
• For a collision occurring between object
1 and object 2 in an isolated system, the
total momentum of the two objects
before the collision is equal to the total
momentum of the two objects after the
collision. That is, the momentum lost by
object 1 is equal to the momentum
gained by object 2.
• The above statement tells us that the
total momentum of a collection of
objects (a system) is conserved - that is,
the total amount of momentum is a
constant or unchanging value.
NEWTONS SECOND LAW
PROBLEM 1
• An 80 kg man step on a scale
inside an elevator.what is the
weight in newton that the scale
reads ifwhen the elevator is (a) at
rest, (b)moving upward at a
constant speed of
5m/s,(c)downward at a constant
speed of 8m/s,(d) moving with
upward acceleration of 3m/s^2,
and (e)moving with downward
acceleration of 4m/s^2?
THIRD LAW
PROBLEM 1
• A cat of mass 5kg jumps on a dining table of mass 30kg. As the cat
walks around on the table, what is the average force that the table
applies to the cat?
PROBLEM 2
• A 15 kg block and a 10
kg block are hanging on
opposite sides of a pulley (see
picture). Assuming a
frictionless, massless pulley,
determine the acceleration of
the blocks once they are
released from rest.
PROBLEM 3
• Dave is riding his
skateboard and pushes
off the ground with his
foot. This causes him to
accelerate at a rate
of4m/s^2.
Dave weighs 589 N. How
strong was his push off
the ground?