DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

VISWAJYOTHI COLLEGE OF ENGNIEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY

SOLAR POWERED DESALINATION

SYSTEM USING NANO-TECHNOLOGY

Guided By:- Presented By:-

DEEPU DIVAN
NIDHEESH K.
REG NO: VJC15ME045
ASST. PROFESSOR ROLL NO: 21
 VISION AND MISSION
DEPARTMENT
• Vision :
“ Moulding socially committed engineers capable to meet the
global challenges in the mechanical engineering stream”
• Mission :
1. To provide ample facilities to foster excellent ambiance for
teaching , learning process in the department.
2. To enhance the creative ideas, analytical talents and soft
skills in the students to cope with emerging trend in
technical field.
3. To enable the students to meet real life problems in
mechanical engineering with a zeal to human and ethical
values.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG

 INTRODUCTION

• About 71 percentage of Earth’s surface is covered by saline water.

When an alternative to non-renewable resources is to be chosen, the
huge saline water body must be taken into consideration. Desalination
is the process of removing salt from salt water and producing fresh
water.
• The primary objective is to introduce a desalination system that can
produce a total output of 200 liters of fresh water every day using solar
energy. Such a plant will be capable of producing enough drinking
water for an average of 10 families every day. Such a plant can be very
useful to people living near to the sea where fresh water cannot be
obtained from under water resources. They will have the easier access
to salt water and plain fields where solar energy can be easily
cultivated without disturbances such as shades of buildings and other
constructions.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG
 OBJECTIVE

• To introduce a desalination system using solar energy using

Nano-technology.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG

 ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS AND
METHOD SELECTION
• Many kinds of desalination processes are available in
the world today. They are:
• Ion exchange method
• Geothermal desalination
• Membrane processes such as reverse osmosis process.

• The possibility of using solar energy which is freely

available in nature was best way to reduce the cost and
environmental problems.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG

 ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS AND
METHOD SELECTION
• The problem with using solar energy was the fact that there
wasn’t a medium that could absorb solar energy at high rate and
produce heat.
• Introduction of Nano technology provided the world with a
solution for this problem. Nano particles which are capable of
absorbing sunlight at high rate and rise their temperature rapidly
are presently available. Gold Nano shells have good optical
absorption properties. Studies conducted at Rice university
shows that the absorption efficiencies can be improved by
varying properties such as core material of Nano shell,
surrounding medium and shell thickness.
• Sio2(Au) Nano shells can absorb sunlight at very higher rate and
raise their surface temperature well above the boiling point of
water. Making use of this property it is possible to produce stem
at very low cost.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG

FLOW CHART

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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

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 MAIN PUMP
• It is used to pump saline water into the primary storage tank and it works on external
power supply
• HORSE POWER : 2 HP
• FLOW RATE : 136L/min
• POWER CONSUMPTION : 3 KW
• MAXIMUM HEAD : 50m
• PUMP MATERIAL : Stainless steel

• Features:
• High performance
• Quality assured
• Durable
• Rust Resistant
• Heavy and rigid in design
• Longer life
• Highly reliable

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG

 FILTER SYSTEM

• As most of the waste from the surface of earth is washed up in

the sea various chemicals and impurities are present in the saline
water. It contains heavy metals, volatile and non-volatile organic
compounds, fluoride etc. We cannot use this water without
removing these hazardous impurities from water. Since all of
them cannot be removed by a single filter mechanism, a
compound system had to be applied for the filter system.
• Filter system is divided into three parts. It consists of
1. Sand filter 2. Carbon block filter 3. Activated charcoal filter

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG

UV TREATMENT

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG

 UV TREATMENT
• The UV disinfection can kill the potentially dangerous bacteria and
organisms. The energy of the UV is been absorbed by the DNA of the
bacteria and it alters the structure DNA of the bacteria and makes it
inactive. UV light can also decompose some chemical compounds.
• Specification
• Wavelength : 254 nm
• UV output : 65 micro watts/cm2
• Voltage : 51 V
• Current : 425 mA
• Tube diameter : 15mm
• Rated life : 16000 hrs.
• Tank dimension : 50*30*30 cm
• In one cycle ,5 min of UV exposure is required for disinfection of full
tank of water.

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EVAPORATION CHAMBER

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG

 SPECIFICATIONS

• Volume of chamber : 50 liters

• Nanomaterial used : SiO2(Au)

• The surface area of the Nano material should be 10000 cm2

in order to convert 40 liters of water to steam in 50 min.
• In desalination system, we introduce rods covered by
Sio2(Au) Nano shells into the saline water. Sun light is
concentrated by a reflection system placed below the
evaporation chamber. Concentrated sunlight is absorbed by
the Nano shells and they will rise their temperature up to
150 degrees Celsius. Water molecules which come in
contact with these Nano shells will evaporate instantly

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG

STEAM GENERATION WITH THE
HELP OF NANO-PARTICLES

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG

 CONDENSATION CHAMBER

SPECIFICATION
CONDENSATION CHAMBER:
Size : 60*40*30cm
Pipe used : copper

RADIATOR
Cost : 3000rs
Flow rate : 35 liter/min
Power consumption : 30w

FEED PUMP
Voltage rating : 12 V DC
Cost : 3000rs
Flow rate : 35litr/min
Power consumption: 55W

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG

 SOLAR PANEL REQUIREMENTS

• Power for running the feed pump and radiator in the condensation
system and UV chamber is obtained from solar panel arrangement.
This solar panel system is used to reduce the cost of energy
consumption from external sources.
• SPECIFICATION
• 1 SOLAR PANEL
• Power : 150W
• Dimension : 14*13.5*8cm
• Weight : 10kg

• 2 BATTERY
• Solar c10 tabular battery
• Chemistry : rechargeable sealed lead acid
• Voltage : 12 V
• Nominal capacity : 55 Ah 200 W
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG
 CONCLUSION

• The aim is to design a desalination system using solar

energy. The proposed solar powered desalination
system using Nano technology enables conversion of
salt water into fresh drinking water utilizing solar
energy. The desalination system makes use of optical
absorption property of gold Nano shells to generate
steam. The overall costs, efficiencies and productivity
were taken into consideration. It has been a step
towards a vision of producing fresh water at low cost
from huge saline water body.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG

 REFERENCE

• 1.Optical absorption property of gold Nano shells

https://eceweb.rice.edu/naomi-halas
• 2.water filter systems
nptel.ac.in/courses/105104102/Lecture%2010.htm
• 3.Water scarcity analysis
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/freshwater/freshwater-
crisis.html
• 4.Water condensation method
https://www.watertechonline.com/condensing-water-vapor-
from-air drinking-water-bulk-water
• 5.Methods for harnessing solar energy
www.solar-facts.com/light-concentration/
• 6.Studies for steam generation using Nano shells
Naomi Halas, Rice University
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG
THANK YOU

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEIRNG