TYPES OF MEDICINES

MIND MAP
Theme:
KINDS OF MEDICINE
Topic:
Types of Medicines

Sub Topic 3: Sub Topic 5:

Sub Topic 2: Sub Topic 4:
Sub Topic 1: Mechanism and Specific
Medicine Classification of
Definition of area of application categories that
classification medicine based
medicine medicine distinguish
based on type on source
categorization medicine

1. Free medicine description
1. Medicine meaning based 2.Limited and apothecary
UU medicine definitions
2. Traditional medicine 3. Characteristic of
explanation psychotropics
4. Hard medicine elucidation
1. Works of medicine on the
cause of disease
2. Preventative medicine
3. Analgesic, vitamins, and
hormones explanantion
4. Medicine division by place
1. Division of medicine
2. Traditional medicine 1. Classification method
categorization 2. Sorted of traditional
3. Definition of jamu medicine
4. Elucidation of 3. The purpose of medicine
standardized herbal classification
medicine
INTRODUCTION AND THESIS STATEMENT

Medicine is a health product that is commonly used by people. Medicine is

used to maintain health, prevent illness, and to cure disease (Rahayuda, 2016).
According to Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 36 Tahun 2009
regarding Health, medicine is a component or mixture, including biological
product that is used to affect or discover physiological system or pathological
condition in order to affirm diagnosis, prevention, cure, recovery, health
improvement, as well as contraception for mankind (pasal 1). While traditional
medicine is a component or mixture of components based from plants,
animals, minerals, extracts that has been traditionally passed down for use as
cure, and can be applied according to norms relevant within the society
(Supardi et al., 2012). Both synthetic and traditional medicines have a risk of
error in the use, so that required the classification of medicines.
 BODY 1
According to its types, medicines can be categorized into free medicine, limited medicine,
apothecary medicine, hard medicine, psychotropics, and narcotics. Free medicines are
medicines that are freely sold on the market and can be bought without doctor’s prescription.
This type of medicine is considered to be the safest, up until it can be sold in street stalls.
Limited medicine is a category of medicine that is safe to be consumed on moderate numbers,
with excess consumption resulting in a dangerous effect. Apothecary medicine are medicines
that can be given to the pharmacist without doctor’s prescription. Meanwhile, psychotropics is a
substance or medicine that naturally or artificially induces a selective effect on central nervous
system and can cause changes to mental activity of the recipient. Psychotropic medicine is
considered hard medicine and symbolized with a red circle and a “K” letter on the middle.
Furthermore, hard medicine are medicines that are dangerous so its usage must be under
supervision of doctors and can only be attained from apothecaries and health service facilities
using doctor’s prescription. The categorization of medicines according to their type refers to the
Permenkes RI Nomor 917/Menkes/X/1993 that is now updated with Permenkes RI Nomor
949/Menkes/Per/VI/2000.
 BODY 2
The classification of medicines can also be based on the operating mechanism of
medicines. In this way, medicine is differentiated towards medicine that work on the cause
of the disease, like bacteria or microbes (antibiotics). Some types of medicine are work on
pathological condition from said disease (vaccine and serum). Then there’s medicine to
alleviate symptoms like pain (analgesic). Another medicine works by adding or replacing
functions of substance that is lacking (vitamins and hormones), and the placebo.
Prescription of placebo is the medicines that doesn’t contain active substance towards
normal patients thinking that they are sick (Aqua pro injection or placebo tablet). There are
two places that can be used to categorize the usage of medicines, such as internal
medicines (consumed orally like antibiotics tablet or parasetamol) and external medicines
(applied topically such as caladine) (Nuryati, 2016). The determination of medicines use
based on the mechanism and place depends on the patient's illness.
 BODY 3

Medicines can also be categorized by the source of which it came from. In this
case, the medicine is either natural (plants, animals, minerals, and fungi) or
synthetic (chemical reactions) (Nuryati, 2016). Traditional medicine can be
considered as a jamu and standardized herbal medicine. Jamu is a traditional
medicine that is available traditionally in powder, steeping, pill, and liquid that
contains all plant materials constituting said jamu, which is used on traditional
terms. Standardized herbal medicines are traditional medicines that are presented
on natural extracts of either plants, animals, or minerals. Points of categorization
are according to the SK Kepala Badan POM No. HK.00.05.2411 on May 17th 2004
(Itokindo, 2011).
 CONCLUSION

With that, medicines can be differentiated into specific categories. Such

categorization is based on its type, working mechanism, area of application, and
sources. Traditional medicines themselves are sorted into jamu and standardized
herbal medicine. The categorization of medicine is important for safety, accuracy,
and distribution. Safe in terms that a medicine doesn’t affect the recipient far
worse. Categorization can also minimize human error in prescribing or dosage.
Moreover, distribution refers to the expedience of a medicine in public or private
consumption, so that consumers don’t carelessly buy medicines.