SCIENCE

PROJECT

Guided By
- kk patel
Made By -
VALLARI , DEEPIKA , SHRESHTHA
WEL - COME TO
OUR
PROJECT
FIRST
AID
AIMS OF FIRST AID

P reserve Life

revent Worsening
P
romote Recovery
 EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN
DANGER?
Make sure it is safe for you to give YES
help.

NO Remove Danger
History Response?
YES Make the scene safe.
Do not take risks.
Find out what has happened. Shout and gently shake or tap the casualty.
NO

Signs and Symptoms Help!

How does the patient feel or look? Shout for help, but don’t leave the casualty yet.
Try to work out what’s wrong.

Airway
Treatment Open the airway by
Remember – If you’re not sure, always seek tilting the head back
professional medical advice. and lifting the chin.

Normal Breathing? YES Secondary Survey

Check for bleeding, injuries and clues
Look, listen and feel (see your first aid book ).
for no more than 10 seconds.
If you’re not sure if
breathing is normal, treat it as though it is not.
Recovery Position
NO •Recovery Position (see book).
Dial 999 •Dial 999 if not already done.
•Monitor Airway and Breathing.
Now •Keep the casualty Warm.
(If not already done)

Resuscitation
•Give 30 chest compressions, then 2 rescue breaths.
30 to 2 •Continue giving cycles of 30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths.
•Only stop to recheck the patient if they start breathing normally
– otherwise do not interrupt resuscitation.
•If there is more than one rescuer, change over every 2 minutes
to prevent fatigue.
PRIORITIES OF TREATMENT
Primary Survey

A B

Secondary Survey
Airway Breathing

B
Bleeding (or burns)

B
Bones
RESUSCITATION
angerD

esponse
R
irway
A
reathing
B
CAUSES OF UNCNSCIOUSNESS
Fainting

I mbalance of heat
hock
S
ead Injury
H
troke
S
eart Attack
H
sphyxia
A
oisoning
P
pilepsy
E
iabetes
D
LEVELS OF
CONSCIOUSNESS

A lert
Confused

V Inappropriate words
oice Utters sounds
No verbal response

P ain Localises pain

Responds only

U nresponsive
 SECONDARY SURVEY
Primary Survey First! – D.R.A.B.

Bleeding or Burns
Head and Neck

Shoulders and Chest

Abdomen and Pelvis

Legs and Arms

Pockets and Clues

Recovery Position
COMPRESSION
PUPILS
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
THE RESPRIRATORY
SYSTEM
ALVEOLI
COLAPSED
LUNG
 HYPOXIA - THE
CAUSES
External Suffocation,Drowning,
High Altitude
Airway Tongue, Vomit, Choking, Strangulation, Hanging,
Burns, Anaphylaxis, Disease.

Breathing Crushing, Collapsed Lung, Chest Injury, Poisons,

Asthma, Disease, Illness.

Circulation Heart Attack, Angina, Bleeding, Poisons,

Anaemia.

Control Centre Stroke, Head Injury, Drug

Overdose/Poisons, Spinal Injury,
Electric Shock.
HYPOXIA - SIGNS AND
SYMTOMS
Pale, Cold, Clammy / Cyanosis

Nausea / Vomiting

Increase In Pulse Rate

Weak Pulse

Increase in Breathing Rate /

Short of Breath

Dizziness / Confusion
Lowered Levels of Response
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
THE HEART BLOOD
FLOW
From To the
the Body
Body

To the
Lungs
From the
Lungs

Left Atrium
Right
Atrium

Right Left
Ventricle Ventricle
THE HEART
A TYPICAL HEART ATTACK
ILECTRICAL IMPULSES OF THE H
TYPES OF WOUND
ontusion
C
brasion
A
aceration
L
ncision
I
uncture
P
un Shot
G
mputation
A
egloved
TREATMENT OF BLEEDING

S
it or Lay

E
xamine
levate
E
ressure

P
BURNS – ESTIMINATING THE AREA
BUMS TREATMENT

1 COOL!

2 REMOVE

3 DRESS
THE SKELETEN
 THE SPINE

7 Cervical

12 Thoracic

5 Lumbar

5 Fused Sacral
TYPES OF WOUND
ain P
L
oss of power
natural U
movement
welling or bruising
S
eformity
D
rregularity
I
repitus
C
enderness
SPRA INS AND STRAINS

estR

ceI

ompression
C
levation
E
BOD Y TEMPERATURE
0F 0C
109.4 43 Unconsciousness / fitting.
Heat 107.6 42 Confused / restless.
105.8 41 Headache, dizzy, uncomfortable.
Stroke 104 40 Strong bounding pulse.
Heat 102.2 39 Flushed dry skin, hot to touch.
Exhaustion 100.4 38 Cramps in stomach / arms / legs.
98.6 37 Pale sweaty skin.
Normal Nausea / loss of appetite.
96.8 36
95 35 Normal Body Temperature
Mild Hypothermia 93.2 34
91.4 33 Shivering
89.6 32 Fatigue, Slurred speech
87.8 31 Confusion, forgetfulness
86 30 Shivering stops, muscle rigidity
84.2 29 Very slow, very weak pulse
Severe Hypothermia 82.4 28
Noticeable drowsiness
Severe reduction in response levels
80.6 27
Unconsciousness
78.8 26
Dilated pupils
77 25
Pulse undetectable
75.2 24
Appearance of death

Death
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
 DIABETES

High Blood Sugar Low Blood Sugar

Onset Slow Fast

Levels of Deteriorate slowly Deteriorate rapidly

response

Skin Dry and Warm Pale, cold, sweaty

Breathing Deep sighing breaths Shallow and rapid

Pulse Rapid Rapid

Other Excessive urination

Very thirsty May be confused for
symptoms drunkenness
Hunger
Fruity smell on breath
 MOVING AND HANDING

Chin up as you lift Keep your back upright

Bend with your knees

not your back

Keep the load as close

to your body as Feet apart to give you
possible balance
THANK YOU