PENDAHULUAN
GD adalah salah satu penyakit
tiroid autoimun yang merupakan
kelainan endokrin autoimun yang
paling umum.
• Nervousness
• Palpitations
• Heat Intolerance
• Increased appetite
• Weight loss
• Tremor of hands
http://cdn1.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/170/170005/symptoms-of-graves-disease.jpg
Detecting GD in a Clinical Setting4
• *Hyperthyroidism*
• Ophthalmopathy
• Evidence of bruit
• Goiter
• Acropachy
• Pretibial myxedema
http://www.nejm.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/mms/journals/content/nejm/2011/nejm_2011.364.
http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua/data/kafedra/internal/meds/classes_stud/en/nurse/en/BSN-
issue-7/nejmicm1008597/production/images/medium/nejmicm1008597_f1.gif
(4y)/3%20year/Spring%20semester/Health%20Alteration%201%20Practicum/21.%20Assessment%20and
%20Management%20of%20Patients%20With%20Disorders%20of%20Thyroid%20and%20Parathyroid%2
0Glands.files/image007.jpg
Pretibial Myxedema5
Endocrinology of GD Hyperthyroidism
http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap16/chap16.htm
Stimulating Auto-Antibodies in Graves Disease
Auto-antibody bound
Pituitary gland to TSHR
TSH
Thyroid cell
http://www.ihealthblogger.com/2013/06/graves-disease-symptoms-causes-diet-
treatment.html
PATOGENESIS PENYAKIT GRAVES’
hipertiroidisme dermopati
oftalmopati
oftalmopati
PERANAN FAKTOR GENETIK & LINGKUNGAN
TERHADAP PENYAKIT GRAVES’
GD merupakan suatu penyakit multifaktorial, yakni disebabkan oleh
faktor genetik (79%) dan lingkungan (21%).
Faktor genetik
(79%)
yodium
Faktor lingkungan obat-obatan tertentu
(21%) bakteri dan infeksi virus
merokok
stres
PENANGANAN PENYAKIT GRAVES’
Pengobatan GD
Pemberian obat anti tiroid
Pemeriksaan terhadap GD Pemberian yodium radioaktif
Pemeriksaan fisik pada Operasi tiroidektomi
kelenjar tiroid
Pengukuran kadar TSH, T4
dan T3 dalam serum
Tes penyerapan yodium
radioaktif
Identifikasi anti TSHR dalam
darah
Medication3,6
• Beta blockers- symptoms unrelated to the thyroid
gland
• PTU (propylthiouracil)- interferes with synthesis of
thyroid hormones and inhibits peripheral
conversion of T4 to T3
• MMI (methimazol)- interferes with the synthesis of
thyroid hormones
http://www.progressivehealth.com/downloads/headerImages/THYROID%20MEDICATIONS.png
Surgery 3,6
• Thyroidectomy- surgical
removal of the thyroid
• Followed by hormone
replacement therapy
https://mdmedicine.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/4185-16-thyroid-
gland.jpg
Radioactive Iodine 3,6
https://edc2.healthtap.com/ht-
staging/user_answer/reference_image/7544/large/
Radioactive.jpeg?1386669668
• Steroids (Prednisone)
• Antibiotics with anti-
inflammatory/immunomod
ularity features
(Doxycycline)
• Orbital decompression
surgery
http://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2188086
KESIMPULAN
Penyakit Graves’ adalah salah satu kelainan autoimun pada kelenjar
tiroid, yang bersifat multifaktorial.