BREATHING

APPRATUS
SET
By
BRAJESH KUMAR
SI/Fire
 Life saving devices which
enables a person to remain
in irrespirable and poisonous
atmosphere for a long or
short period and to still
retain his full physical and
mental capacity.
 HISTORY
• 1875-Professor Tyndall in Conjunction with Sir, Eyre
Massey Shaw— Smoke cap (First respirator) –
Known as Modern respirator----Canister containing
filtering element.
• 1881-Self Contained supply of oxygen apparatus in
Mines.
• 1912-The forerunner of Self Contained Oxygen sets
widely used in fire services . In United state of America
 HISTORY
• 1920-Mandet apparatus of French design came
in to use, Roberts compressed air breathing
apparatus
• 1925- compressed air breathing apparatus are
used in fire services.
• 1952-Specificatons of B.A.Set
Central fire bridges Advisory council—England
& Wales
Central fire bridges Advisory council—Scottish
 HISTORY
• JCDD—Joint Committee on Design &
Development of Equipments & Appliances
JCDD/19-
(i) Oxygen, Closed circuit, Using reducing valve
(Const.Predetermined Flow)
(ii) Oxygen, Closed circuit, Using Demand valve
(With or without reducing valve)
(iii) Compressed air , Open circuit a Using Demand
valve
 Compressed Air B.A.Set

• Siebe Gorman Compressed Air

B.A.Set

• Normalair/Draeger Compressed Air

B.A.Set

• Roberts Compressed Air B.A.Set

 COMPOSITION OF AIR
GAS INHALATIN EXHALATION

NITROGEN 79.04% 79.04%

OXYGEN 20.93% 16.96%

CO2 0.03% 4.00%

 PHYSIOLOGY OF
RESPIRSTION
Breathing or respiration is a spontaneous action
performed by the human body some 15-30 times
every minute. When at rest the body requirements
are comparatively low and air is sucked in to and
out of the lungs by breathing at a rate of 15-18
times per minute. When more energy is exerted
either through work or nervous excitement the
breathing rate is increased and may be as 30 times
a minute or even more.
NOMENCLATURE :
TIDAL AIR –Amount of air normally inhaled/exhaled at
rest ( 500 ml )
SUPPLEMENTARY AIR
- Volume of the Air that can be
breathed out forced expiration
after normal expiration- 1500 ml

COMPLEMENTRY AIR (C.A)

- This is the volume of the air that can be
taken in by forced inspiration over and
above the Tidal Air(1500 ml )
VITAL CAPACITY
- It is the volume of the air that can be
breathed out by forced expiration after
taking forced inspiration
-T.A+S.A+CA=500+1500+1500=3500 m
RESIDUAL AIR
-Air present in the lung even after opening of
chest wall, and allowing the lungs to collapse
(1500 ml)

TOAL LUNG VOLUME

-It is the total volume of air in lung (5000 ml)
T.A.+S.A.+C.A.+R.A.
• Rescue Operations

• Fire Fighting Operations

 RESCUE
OPERATIONS
• Smoke, vapors, gas etc
i.e. contaminated air

• Leakage of toxic/poisonous
gases in industries

• Contaminated air due to

radioactive elements
 FIRE FIGHTING
OPERATIONS
• Hot and humid atmospheres.

• The smoke, fumes and

poisonous gases etc.

• While using extinguishing

media like DCP and CO2
 BA SET
SELF CONTAINED
ATMOSPHERIC TYPE
TYPE

CLOSED OPEN CIRCUIT

CIRCUIT
ATOMOSHPHERIC TYPE:-
Air supplied to the wearer by his own
or other person’s efforts
examples:
1. Respirator or air filter type masks
2. Equalizer tube apparatus.
(These are not extensively used in
fire service due to various limitations )
 EQUALISER TUBE
• The air tubing had to be trailed behind the
wearer, thus restricting his movements to
a certain extent and limiting the distance
to which he could travel.
• The air tube could be cut or damaged by
falling debris or other causes.
• The supply of air dependent on respiratory
efforts of the wearer and involved
considerable exertion.
 BELLOW SMOKE HELMETS
• The air tubing had to be trailed behind the
wearer, thus restricting his movements to a
certain extent and limiting the distance to
which he could travel.
• The air tube could be cut or damaged by
falling debris or other causes.
• The Constant supply of air always
dependent upon a second person.
• The apparatus as whole was bulky to stow.
 RESPIRATORS
• Respirators are designed to remove
toxic substances & solids particles
from the atmosphere.
• Respirators have limited use in that
they can not be used in an
atmosphere having insufficient
oxygen to support life.
 SELF CONTAINED CLOSE
CIRCUIT B.A.SET
• Exhaled air is rebreathed by the
wearer
by

effectively reducing CO2

concentration level and Enriching
O2
SELF CONTAINED CLOSE
CIRCUIT B.A.SET
• Advantage----Entrapped procedure
• Capacity---187 Liter
• Pressure—132 bar
• Protosorb(Absorbent)—Granulated
Soda lime , 1.6kg
• Cooling—Calcium chloride,285g
At 30degree centigrade, liquefies
 DISADVATAGES
• Course of Training is required.
• Stomach Complaints Due to
rebreathing of O2.
• Communication with one another by
signals only.
• Second man is required to change
the cylinder.
• Increase the rate of combustion.
• In recharging not only the cylinder is
required to be changed but also the
CO2 Absorbent.
 SELF CONTAINED OPEN
CIRCUIT COMPRESSED AIR
B.A. SET

• Designed on the open circuit

system

• The exhaled air is discharged

in to the atmosphere
ADVANTAGES OF OPEN CIRCUIT
COMPRESSED AIR B.A. SET

1. Simple assembly and operation

2. Cylinder easily chargeable &changed
quickly.
3. There is no chemical action while breathing
4. No risk as compared with oxygen
COMPONENTS
1.Cylinder

2. Respiratory system

3. Face mask
CYLINDER
Respiratory system Face mask
High pressure
tube

Low
pressure
tube
AIR LINE EQUIPMENT
 CYLINDER
• Seamless construction
• Nickel ,Chromium and Brass alloys
• Capacity
1240 liters filled 132 bars
1800 liters filled 200 bars (207)
2250 liters filled 200 bars (207)
• Painted with grey color and neck with
black & white strips in accordance
with IS 3933-1966
• The weight of apparatus shall not
exceed 18.0 kg
 CYLINDER
• LASS-Light alloy seamless steel
• LASW-Light alloy steel welded
Known –Ultra light weight cylinders
and made of alloy steel
 WORKING
DURATION(WD)
W.D.=F.D – 10 (Minutes)
F.D = PX C/40 X N (As per IS
10245 Part II)
Where :-
F.D. = full duration.
P = Present pressure in
Bars.
C = Capacity of cylinder in
liters.
N = Filling pressure of
cylinder in Bars
(132/207/300 Bars)
 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

1. HIGH PRESSURE TUBE

2. LOW PRESSURE TUBE
3. FIRST STAGE REDUCER
4. SECOND STAGE REDUCER
5. PRESSURE GAUGE
6. WARNING WHISTLE
 FACEMASK
1. Vision visor
2. Head/Neck Harness
3. Inhale valve
4. Exhale Valve
5. Outer face mask
6. Inner facemask
7. Speech transmitter
 PRE-ENTRY TEST
1. Set the demand valve knob in the open
position
2. Check that the cylinder connection is tight
3. With the cylinder fully, there must be no
audible leak
4. Note reading on pressure gauge
- it should be at least 80% of the charging
pressure.
5. Close the cylinder valve, gauge pressure
should not fall by more than 10 bar in a
minute.
6. Adjust the face mask and harness.
 PRE-ENTRY TEST
7. Put demand valve knob in the close
position.
8. Open the cylinder valve and breath
normally for one minute to check
functioning of expiratory valve held your
breath and check that there is no flow.
9. Close the cylinder valve, continue
breathing until the air in the set is
exhausted, and check that the warning
whistle sounds when the gauge needle
reaches 45 to 40 bars.
 CARE & MAINTENANCE
• Cleaned the apparatus properly.
• Check the cylinder pressure.
• Check the washers & other parts.
• Washed the face mask .
• Proper Numbering .
• Avoided direct sun light & heat.
• Do not use oil, grease for lubrication.
 Entry Control Points
• Size of the risk area
• Location of access points to the risk
area
• No’s of levels or floor involved
• Wind direction
• Physical limitation of the site
obstruction road railway
 Stage I
• Small area
• No more than two entry control points
• BA wearer does not exceed 10
• Where no branch guide lines or BA line
communication are in use
 Stage II
• Scale of operation is likely to
demands greater control and
supervision
• More than 2 entry control points
• At a time more than 10 BA wearer
• Branch guide lines are used
• BA communication are used
 TALLIES
• Standard dimension- 125x38 mm
• Name of the brigade
• Name of the Station
• Type of apparatus
Also space for
Name of wearer
Cylinder pressure
Time in
Radiation dosimeter
BA CONTROL BOARD
 BA Control Board
• Standard dimension-300x850mm
• Time of Whistle
• Location of team

• Remarks
 DSU
• Dimension-2.3’’x2.00’’x3.5’’
• Weight – 165 gm
Including Battery 210gm
Frequency-2.6Khz-3.0Khz
Battery life- 5hrs
Up to 20 second on movement -Pre
alarm then after 8 second Full alarm
 DUTIES
• Duties of Officer- In-charge
• Duties of Entry Control officer
(Stage-I)
• Duties of Entry Control officer
(Stage-II)
• Duties of Main Control officer
Where there in more than one stageII
entry control or No’s of wearer is large