SMF ANESTESI
RSU Haji Surabaya
Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang 1
BAB 1
PENDAHULUAN
2
Pendahuluan
◦Respirasi : Sistem kompleks yang dimulai dari ventilasi difusi
◦Fungsi utama :
Pertukaran gas Pengaturan pH
Perlindungan
terhadap patogen
3
Pendahuluan
◦Gangguan respirasi HIPOKSIA
◦Macam:
Hipoksia Hipoksik Hipoksia Anemik
Hipoksia
Hipoksia Stagnan
Histotoksik
4
BAB 2
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
5
HIPOKSIA HIPOKSIK
6
Definisi
◦Keadaan dimana tekanan O2 (PO2) arteri rendah
Etiologi
Penurunan
Hipoventilasi
Ketinggian kapasitas difusi
alveolar
paru
7
Diagnosis
10
Definisi
◦Penurunan jumlah oksigen yang terikat dengan hemoglobin
Etiologi
11
Diagnosis
13
HIPOKSIA STAGNAN
14
Definisi
◦Kekurangan oksigen oleh karena berkurangnya aliran darah
Patofisiologi
15
Diagnosis
17
HIPOKSIA HISTOTOKSIK
18
Definisi
◦Kegagalan sel menggunakan oksigen karena sel di racuni
Etiologi
◦Keracunan sianida
19
Diagnosis
21
BAB 3
KESIMPULAN
22
Hipoksia Kekurangan oksigen di dalam jaringan
23
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
24
1. Anggariawan, Alfonso. 2016. Tinjauan Klinis Hipoksik Iskemik Encephalopathy. CDK. Vol.43. No.8
2. Barret, Kim, et al. 2010. Hypoxia in : Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology 23rd edition. New York :
McGrow-Hill.
3. Chan, Calvin & Paul Vanhoutte. 2013. Hypoxia, Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelium. Institute of
Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
4. Guyton & Hall. 2014. Insufisiensi Pernafasan – Patofisiologi, Diagnosis, Terapi Oksigen dalam Guyton and
Hall Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Philadelphia: Elsevier.
5. Gozubuhuk, et al. 2017. Epidemiology, Patophysiology, Clinical Evaluation, and Treatment of Carbon
Monoxide Poisoning in Child, Infant, and Fetus. North Clin Istanbul No.4, Vol. 1.
6. Hamel, Julian. 2011. Review of Acute Cyanide Poisoning with a Treatment Update. Amerika : Journal of
Toxicology.
7. Kasper, et al. 2015. Hyoxia and Cyanosis in Harrison’s Principle of Internal Medicine 19 th edition. New
York : McGrow-Hill.
8. Leybell, Inna. 2018. Cyanide Toxicity Clinical Presentation in Medscape. [online] available on :
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/814287-clinical
9. Mulroney, Susan & Adam Myers. 2009. Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion and Diffusion of Gases in :
Netter’s Essential Physiology. Philadelphia : Elsevier.
10. Pittman RN. 2011. Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation. Morgan & Claypool Live Science.
11. Shilverthorn, Dee. 2013. Mekanika Pernafasan dalam Fisiologi Manusia edisi 6. Jakarta : EGC Medical
Publisher. 25
THANK YOU
26