Section 11.2
MATH 116-460
Mr. Keltner
Ellipses
An ellipse is the set of all points
where the sum of distances from two
fixed points is constant.
The orbits of planets are often y
elliptical in shape.
5
plural of focus), f1
and f2.
-5
-5 5
Ellipses Centered at (0, 0)
The equation of an ellipse that has
A center at (0, 0),
x-intercepts at (a, 0), and (-a, 0), and
y-intercepts at (0, b), and (0, -b) is
x 2
y 2
x h 2
y k
2
2 2 1 2 2 1
a b a b
If the center of the ellipse is at (h, k), then
the graph exists a units left and right of (h, k)
And exists b units above and below (h, k)
Example 1(a)
Graph each ellipse. Label the center and
the points above, below, left, and right of
the center. y
2 2 5
x y
1
36 9
x
-5
-5 5
Example 1(b)
Graph each ellipse. Label the center and
the points above, below, left, and right of
the center. y
x 1 2
y 2
2 5
1
25 36
x
-5
-5 5
Hyperbolas
A hyperbola is the set of all points whose
difference of distances from two fixed
points remains constant.
Just like with an ellipse, the two fixed points
are called foci and the point halfway between
the foci is the center.
There are two looks of the graph of a
hyperbola, depending on the order in which
the terms are subtracted.
Positive x-term, the graph has only x-intercepts.
Positive y-term, the graph has only y-intercepts.
Hyperbolas in Standard Form
The equation for a The equation for a
hyperbola with hyperbola with
A center at (0, 0), A center at (0, 0),
x-intercepts at (a, 0) y-intercepts at (0, b)
and (-a, 0), and and (0, -b), and
NO y-intercepts, is NO x-intercepts, is
x2 y2 y2 x2
2 2 1 2 2 1
a b b a
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Example 2
2
Graphing a Hyperbola Graph the hyperbola: x y2
1
Find the intercepts of the 25 16
graph. Label the corner points of the
Positive x-term, the graph fundamental rectangle, the
has only x-intercepts. asymptotes, and the intercepts
Positive y-term, the graph of the graph.
has only y-intercepts. y
10
Draw a rectangle,
connecting (a, b), (-a, b),
(a, -b), and (-a, -b).
Connect the diagonal
corners of the rectangle. x