Kausar Ahmad
Kulliyyah of Pharmacy
Thermotropic NIOSOMES
nematic
smectic
cholesteric
Common states:
solid
liquid
gas
Matter can exist in
other states
Lyotropic
Phase transition depends on temperature &
concentration
- sensors
- Thermometer
- display devices
4, 4’-di-heptyloxyazoxybenxene
74C 94C 124C
solid smectic C nematic isotropic
Thermotropic vs Lyotropic
THERMOTROPIC LYOTROPIC
Absence of solvent In solvent
Rigid organic molecules Surfactants
Depends on Temperature
Depends on Temperature,
Structures:
Concentration, salt, alcohol
Smectic
Nematic
Structures:
Cholesteric Lamellar
Hexagonal etc
monolayer
rod hexagonal
micelle
Oil/alcohol REVERSE
HEXAGONAL
Reverse micelle
Formation of MICROEMULSION bilayer
Due to toxicity of ionic surfactants, the vesicles are not used for drug delivery
[D] Non-ionic
e.g. alcohol ethoxylates R-O-(CH2CH2O) m H m: 2-20, R :
mixed; alkyl group C8C18