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What a rule surfactants play in synthesis CNTs array

Shuchen Zhang, Yanhe Zhang

2013-05-27
Outline

Background

Problem

Surfactants and CNTs

Conclusion

Acknowledgement
Background
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been regarded as one of
the best candidates for future application in next generation integrated
circuits due to their unique structures and superb properties:
1)High strength;
2)Excellent electrical properties ;
3)Absorbtion band (infrared wavelengths ).

Fig.1 Schematic of the process from graphene to CNTs

 Background

Ch  na1  ma2
aC C
d n 2  nm  m 2 2n+m=3q

  tan 1 3m / (2n  m)

Fig.3 Schematic of zigzag,

armchair, and chiral CNTs

Fig.2 Schematic of CNTs

Background

1）the band structure of

graphene is relatively
simple；

Fig.4 States density of different CNTs

2）but for CNT, its band
structure is relatively
complicated, related
to diameter and
chiral, etc.

Fig.5 Band structure of graphene

Problem

2n+m=3q

Fig.6 Band structure of graphene

 Surfactant and CNTs
Selective Band Structure Modulation of Single-Walled
Carbon Nanotubes in Ionic Liquids

1) PFOA, SDS, LDS,

PPFOS, PDS
2) They can be
classified two
kinds:
① PFOA, SDS, LDS；
②PPFOS, PDS.

Fig.7 Absorbance spectrum of CNTs with

different surfactants

Jinyong Wang, and Yan Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009

 Surfactant and CNTs

TypeⅠ:E22 transitions (∼1100

nm) of S-nanotubes(∼1.5-1.7
nm) and E11transitions (∼750
nm) of M-nanotubes(∼1.5 nm).

TypeⅡ:E33 transitions(∼550-
650 nm) of S-nanotubes(∼1.5-
1.7 nm).

TypeⅢ:E33 electronic
transitions (∼400-500 nm) of
S-nanotubes(∼1.2-1.4 nm)

Fig.8 Absorbance spectra and Raman spectra

Jinyong Wang, and Yan Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009

 Surfactant and CNTs
Due to the modification, electrons should transfer from the SWCNTs to
the surfactants, thus resulted in the positive charging of SWCNTs. It can
be clearly seen that shift of the Fermi energy and the band structure
occur as a result of charge transfer.

Fig.9 Band structure of S- and M-CNTs

Jinyong Wang, and Yan Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009
 Surfactant and CNTs

The possible interaction

mechanism:

Because of the large positive

charge density of the cations,
the high-energy electrons of
the SWCNTs near the Fermi
level transfer to the lowest
unoccupied orbitals of the
cations. A stable “cation-π”
complex is formed at the
nanotube surface.

Fig.10 Possible interaction mechanism

Jinyong Wang, and Yan Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009

 Surfactant and CNTs

Sorting out Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon

Nanotube Arrays by Washing off Metallic Tubes Using
SDS Aqueous Solution

Fig.11 Schematic illustration of sorting out s- SWNT arrays

Yue Hu , Yabin Chen , Pan Li , a nd Jin Zhang *, Small., 2013

 Surfactant and CNTs

Fig.13 Compare the AFM and Raman before

Fig.12 SEM and AFM of CNTs before sorting and after sorting

Yue Hu , Yabin Chen , Pan Li , a nd Jin Zhang *, Small., 2013

 Surfactant and CNTs

Statistical result
indicates that the
SWNTs with bigger
average diameter
changes are mostly
disappeared after
separation while
SWNTs with smaller
average diameter
changes.

Fig.14 SEM and AFM to character the variation of CNTs

Yue Hu , Yabin Chen , Pan Li , a nd Jin Zhang *, Small., 2013

 Surfactant and CNTs

Fig.15 SEM for separation and the FET of CNTs after sorting

Yue Hu , Yabin Chen , Pan Li , a nd Jin Zhang *, Small., 2013

Conclusion

In order to get a perfect array only made by s-CNTs, we have made

great effort to sorting out the s-CNTs from to the CNTs mixture by their
difference, especially the density of state. However, these methods still
retain some problems:

1) Sorting out the s-CNTs in the solution will bring about a great
question, making an array is difficult;

2) Sorting out the s-CNTs on the substrate will lead to a low product of
s-CNTs to hard to be an array;

3) A good method to separate the s-CNTs with the m-CNTs also lead to
defect on the CNTs and hard to get a pure CNTs.
Acknowledgements

Pro. Yan
All the audiences
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