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IBC464
International College
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— ! !  

—Research is the process of finding


solutions to a problem after a
thorough study and analysis of
the situational factors.
— http://www.usg.edu/galileo/skills/unit01/infoage01_03.phtml
— http://www.google.co.th/search×hl=th&defl=en&q=define:research&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&
ct=title
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— Research provides the needed
information that guides managers to
make informed decisions to successfully
deal with problems.
— The information provided could be the
result of a careful analysis of data
gathered firsthand or of data that are
already available (in the company).
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— 1.Applied research
— Is to solve a current problem faced by the
manager in the work setting,demanding a timely
solution.
— 2.Basic research (fundamental, pure)
— Is to generate a body of knowledge by trying to
comprehend how certain problems that occur in
organizations can be solved.
— The findings of such research contribute to the
building of knowledge in the various functional
areas of business.
1.4. j  
  

  

 
 

— Dolve problems
— Decision making tool
— Competition
— Risk
— Investment
— Hire researchers and consultants more
effectively
     
— 1 Observation
— 2 Identification of problem area
— 3 Theoretical framework
— 4 Hypotheses
— 5 Research design
— 6 Data collection
— 7 Data analysis
— 8 Data interpretation
— 9 Implementation

  


   


— 1 Observation
— 2 Problem identification
— preliminary information gathering
— 3 Theoretical framework
— theory formulation
— 4 Hypothesizing
— 5   
 
— further scientific data collection
— 6 logical analysis
— 7 Deduction

  
— problem statement is à à  à
    à    
      à      à 
   à  
 
à à     .
— Theoretical framework is the foundation on which the entire research
project is based.It is logically developed,described,and elaborated
network of associations among the variables relevant to the problem
situation.
— A hypothesis is a tentative statement that proposes a possible
explanation to some phenomenon or event. A useful hypothesis is a
  statement which may include a prediction. A hypotheses
should not be confused with a theory.

— Data analysis: the data gathered are statistically analyzed to see if the
hypotheses that were generated have been supported.
— Measurement is the process observing and recording the observations
that are collected as part of a research effort.
— Deduction is the process of arriving at conclusions by interpreting the
meaning of the data analysis results.
  


—    à


  üü   
      

—      
 

  
— The idea for a research project×
— one of the most common sources of research
ideas is the experience of 


     
—      
´ 
  

http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/design.php
£ 
 

— The Research Cycle


— http://questioning.org/rcycle.html
— QUEDTIONING
— PLANNING
— GATHERING
— DORTING & DIFTING
— D NTHEDIZING
— EVALUATING
— REPORTING*
— http://questioning.org/module/cycle.html
— ›à  
— http://www.ri.net/schools/East_Greenwich/research.html
  
— Almost every organization has to engage in
research at some level ` ` ` `

— Companies R`  ` `   ` 
`  the organization.
— The methods used to R`  
`    `  from the external and
internal environments are becoming increasingly
sophisticated to the immense scope of  ` 
`   R
u 
| 

— 
— Information
— Communication
— Technology
— http://tutor2u.net/business/ict/intro_what_is_ict.htm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/ict/implications/0moralandsocialissuesrev1.shtml


 
— 1 Observation
— 2 Data gathering
— 3 Problem definition
— 4 Theoretical framework (variables identified)
— 5 Hypotheses
— 6 Research design
— 7 Data collection,analysis,interpretation
— 8 Deduction
— 9 Report writing
— 10 Report presentation
— 11 Managerial decision making


— Purpose of the study:
— Exploratory study
— Is undertaken when no information is available on how similar
problems or research issues have been solved in the past
— Descriptive study
— Is to able to describe the characteristics of the variables of
interest in a situation.
— Hypotheses testing
— Is undertaken to explain the variance in the dependent variable
or to predict organizational outcomes.
— Case studies

— Research design can be thought of as the ` `  of


research -- it is the "glue" that holds all of the elements in a
research project together
o 
— The rating scale
— Have several response catagories
— Likert scale is designed o exermine how
strongly subject agree or disagree with
statements on a 5-point scale
— Ranking scale
— Are used to tap preferences between two or
more objects or items
— Goodness of measure : reliability,validity
   

— Data can be collected in a variety ways ,data
sources can be primary or secondary.
— Data collection methods such as:
— interview(face-to-face,telephone,computer-
assisted interviews),
— Questionaires
— Observation
— Motivational techniques

— A sample is a subset of the population.
— Dample is the process of selecting a sufficient
number of elements from the population.
— Dtudying a sample rather the entire population is
sometimes to lead to more reliable results, mostly
because fatigue is reduced,resulting in fewer errors
on collection data. (time, cost,human resources)
— Durveys are useful and powerful in finding answers to
research question but if data are not collected from
the people or objects that can provide the correct
answers to solve the problem, the survey will be in
vain.
    
— The data analysis involves three major steps, done in
roughly this order:

— Cleaning and organizing the data for analysis (Data


Preparation)
— Describing the data (Descriptive Dtatistics)
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statdesc.php

— Testing Hypotheses and Models (Inferential


Dtatistics)
      
— Descriptive statistics
— provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures.
—   
 The central tendency of a distribution is an estimate of
the "center" of a distribution of values. There are three major types of
estimates of central tendency:
— o  is the most common-used measure of data tendency.=average.
— o  is the middle value , when the data is arranged in numerical order.
— o  is the value ( number) that appears the most.
— [  (Range, Dtandard Diviation)refers to the spread of the values
around the central tendency
— Inferential statistics
— t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA),
regression analysis, Correlation is a measure of the relation between two or
more variables.

— we use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an


observed difference between groups. Thus, we use inferential statistics to
make inferences from our data to more general conditions;
— we use descriptive statistics simply to describe what's going on in our data.
    

— Central tendency

— Exercise
— http://www.quia.com/rr/51667.html
— http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/Math/mean/Pmeasure.htm
— http://www.fortunecity.com/greenfield/grizzly/432/Research.htm
— http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statdesc.php



— Researh proposal

— Research report

— Research presentation

   


:

— Abstract - Brief summary of the contents of the article


— Introduction - A explanation of the purpose of the study, a statement of the
research question(s) the study intends to address
— Literature review - è ` ` `      ` 
`  `   `  `` ``  `   
— Methods - How the study was carried out (e.g. instruments or equipment,
procedures, methods to gather and analyze data)
— Results - What was found in the course of the study
— Discussion - What do the results mean
— Conclusion - Dtate the conclusions and implications of the results, and
discuss how it relates to the work reviewed in the literature review; also,
point to directions for further work in the area
— http://www.wesleyan.edu/libr/tut/litrev/thelitrev.html


— Title Page
— Abstract (on a separate single page)
— The Body (no page breaks between sections in the body)
— Introduction (2-3 pages)
— Methods (7-10 pages)
— Dample (1 page)

— Measures (2-3 pages)

— Design (2-3 pages)

— Procedures (2-3 pages)

— Results (2-3 pages)


— Conclusions (1-2 pages)
— References
— Tables (one to a page)
— Figures (one to a page)
— Appendices

— Dample Paper http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/sampaper.php


— http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/guideelements.php
— Formatting http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/formatting.php
    

— http://blog.spu.ac.th/readmore/2008/04/22/entry-2
— http://blog.spu.ac.th/readmore/gallery/394
— http://dekkid.blogspot.com/search×q=business+research
V  
— How can you solve business problem×
— Why do you need to know how to write the research
proposal×
— Do you understand the research process×
— Do you know why do you have to identify problem
statement clearly before doing research×
— Do you know why sampling and statistics are
important to the research result×
— Why do you have to identify the limitation of your
study×
— Why the research report and presentation are
important×
— Do you know how to apply the steps of the research
process ×
V  
— !     
   
    
  
  
 

— 2.Identify the problem statement.
— 3.Identify the objectives
— 4.The hypotheses
— 5. The research methodology.
— 6. The examples of the questionaireù

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