#1 Pengantar Akustik Lingkungan Angk.2012-1
#1 Pengantar Akustik Lingkungan Angk.2012-1
FREKUENSI ( f, Hz ) : AMPLITUDO ( A ) :
“jumlah getaran per detik” “simpangan gelombang bunyi”
kekhasan/warna bunyic keras/lemahnya bunyi
Gendang telinga .2
Cairan dlm rumah siput yg kemudian bergetar
3. dan mengalir >>> di cairan tsb terdpt syaraf2
atau rambut getar
Merangsang syaraf-syaraf .4
5. Getarannya diinterpretasikan oleh otak
SIFAT BUNYI
• Datang dan dipantulkan dengan sudut yang sama
• Diserap oleh lapisan permukaan
• Disebar/ difus
• Dibelokkan
• Ditransmisikan
• Dirambatkan di bidang permukaan/ struktur bangunan
PERAMBATAN BUNYI
Air borne sound
Melalui medium udara
“Sound which is
unwanted”
EFEK NEGATIF NOISE
Sakit kepala, tekanan darah,
Mengganggu gangguan jantung & otak
percakapan,
Menyebabkan Gangguan
tidak dapat
stress pendengaran
mendengar
dengan jelas
SUMBER KEBISINGAN
Luar tapak
Dalam tapak tetapi di luar bangunan
Dalam bangunan sendiri
Kebisingan bersifat subjektif untuk tiap orang bergantung: Jenis kebisingan :
Lingkungan & keadaan Background noise
Sosial budaya Noise
Kegemaran/hobi Ambient noise
JENIS KEBISINGAN
1. BACKGROUND NOISE
Bising latar belakang, berlangsung terus-menerus
2. NOISE
Bising yang berlangsung tidak terus-menerus
3. AMBIENT NOISE
Gabungan background noise dan noise
JENIS KEBISINGAN
(berdasar sifat dan spektrum bunyi)
1. KEBISINGAN KONTINYU DENGAN SPEKTRUM FREK. LUAS
mesin-mesin, kipas angin dan lain-lain.
2. KEBISINGAN KONTINYU DENGAN SPEKTRUM FREK. SEMPIT
gergaji, sirkuler, katup gas dan lain-lain.
3. KEBISINGAN YANG TERPUTUS-PUTUS
lalu lintas, suara pesawat di lapangan udara.
4. KEBISINGAN IMPULSIF
ledakan, tembakan senapan atau meriam.
5. KEBISINGAN IMPULSIF BERULANG
mesin tempa di perusahaan
JENIS KEBISINGAN
(berdasar pengaruhnya pada manusia)
2. Urban planning
• Zonasi kawasan bising dan tenang
(indutri, perdagangan, permukiman)
• Pembuatan buffer zone antara
kawasan bising dan tenang (jalur hijau
zona perantara)
• Pengaturan jalur transportasi
3. Site planning
• Zonasi kebisingan dan tata massa
• Orientasi massa bangunan
• Jarak sumber kebisingan & bangunan
• Landscaping sebagai noise barrier
• Tanaman (perdu, pohon, ± 3-5 dB, max 10 dB)
• Pagar (± 15 dB)
• Tanah/ earth berm (± 15 dB)
NOISE BARRIER
4. Rancangan arsitektural
• Penataan geometri bangunan dan denah
• Dinding masif
5. Rancangan struktural
6. Rancangan ME
7. Penyerapan bunyi
• Elemen insulasi bunyi
PENGENDALIAN KEBISINGAN LINGKUNGAN
Physical Technique Potential Effectiveness Situations Where Most Cost Comments
Effective
Acoustical Site Good-excellent: depends Before building construction, Low. only costs are fees of Fairly inexpensive but requires
Planning on size of lot and natural before subdivision development acoustical consultant and site space which may be
terrain. planner. unavailable. Has limited sound
reduction. Positive aesthetic
impacts.
Acoustical Architectural Fair Before building construction. Low: only cost is that of Low cost but limited
Design acoustical consultant effectiveness.
Acoustical construction. Excellent for interior, poor During building construction Varies with amount of noise Most effective noise reduction
for exterior. best. Most costly after reduction desired but generally for interiors
construction. high especially after
construction.
Barriers Fair-excellent, depends on Varies with type of barrier Moderate-high: varies with type High noise reduction and
height and mass of barrier, see below. potentially low cost. Achieves
exterior noise reduction. Can
have adverse aesthetic impacts.
PENGENDALIAN KEBISINGAN LINGKUNGAN
Physical Technique Potential Effectiveness Situations Where Most Cost Comments
Effective
Earth Berms Good-excellent Best during construction when Moderate-high: depends on Good noise reduction
earth is available. Impractical in availability of earth. properties and aesthetic
densely populated areas where appeal, but requires space
land is scarce. and requires maintenance.
Walls and Fences Poor-excellent, depends Any time Low-high: depends on height Requires little space and no
on height and mass and thickness. maintenance, but may be
aesthetically unappealing and
can reflect noise to other side
of road.
Plantings Poor After road construction. After Moderate high: depends on size Poor noise reduction but often
building construction. of buffer strip. necessary for aesthetic appeal.
Best used in combination with
other techniques.
Combinations Good-excellent. Depends on particular Moderate-high: depends on Potentially high noise reduction
combination. type of barrier used and aesthetic appeal.
Material Thickness Weight Transmission Loss
(mm) (kg/m2) (dB(A))
JENIS MATERIAL Concrete Block, 200mm x 200mm
x 405 (8" x 8" x 16") light weight
200mm 151 34