rectifiers
(Converting AC to DC)
4-1 Introduction
Vo Vm sin( wt )d ( wt ) 2Vm
0
Io Vo 2Vm
R (R)
Irms Im
2
PR I 2 rmsR
power factor :Pf=1
R-L load: Fig.4-3
v ( wt ) Vo Vn cos( nwt )
0 n2,4‧‧,
2Vm 1 1
Vo 2Vm Vn
n 1 n 1
Vn
Io Vo In Vn
R Zn | R jnwL |
Vo 2Vm
i( wt ) Io
R R for L >> R
Irms Io
Source harmonics are rich in the odd-numbered harmonics.
Filters:reducing the harmonics.
R-L source load: Fig.4-5
For continuous current operation, the only modification to
the analysis that was done for R-L load is in the dc
term of the Fourier series .The dc component of current
in this circuit is.
2Vm
Vdc
Vo Vdc
Io
R R
Peak-to-peak variation(ripple):
Vo Vm Vm e /( RC ) Vm 1 e /( RC )
‧
Vm1 1
‧
RC x x2 x3
e 1
x
...
Vm Vm 1! 2! 3!
RC 2 fRC w 2f
V2 V 4Vm / 3 2Vm
I2 2
Z 2 2L 2L 3L
2Vm 1 1
where Vn , n2
n 1 n 1
When iL is positive
, ( Vm sin wt Vo at wt )
Vo
sin 1
Vm
vL Vm sin wt Vo
iL ( wt )
1 wt
Vm sin wt Vod (wt )
L
1
Vm(cos cos wt ) Vowt
L
for wt , ,
iL ( ) 0 , ?
Procedure for determining Vo:
(3) Solve
1
I L i L ( wt )d ( wt )
1 1
Vm(cos cos wt ) Vo( wt )d ( wt )
L
Vo Vm
Io (1 cos )
R R
1 Vm
I rms
(
R
sin wt ) 2 d ( wt )
Vm 1 sin( 2 )
R 2 2 4
io ( wt )
Vm
Z
sin( t ) sin( )e ( t ) /( ) for t
Z R 2 ( L )2
L
tan 1 ( ) , L
R R
L 1 2Vm
Tan (
R
-1
) Vo
Vm sin wt d ( wt )
cos
In
Irms Io 2
n 2 ,4...
(
2
)2
Io Vo
R
R-L Source load : Fig.4-14
2 Vm
Vo cos
Vo Vdc
Io
average load current is R
Pdc Io Vdc
P I 2 rmsR Io 2 R if L is l arg e
Controlled Single-phase converter operating as an inverter:
seeing Fig 4-14. 4-15
.
For inverter operation, power is supplied by the dc source,
and power is absorbed by the bridge and is transferred to
the ac system.
0 0 90 0 Vo 0 rectifier operation
vo(t)之基頻為3 電源頻率之6倍
ia i D1 i D 4
i i i
b D3 D6
ic i D 5 i D 2
Each diode conducts one-third of the time, resulting in
1
I D ,avg I o ,avg
3
1
I D ,rms I o ,rms
3
2
I S ,rms I o,rms
3
1 2 / 3 3Vm ,L L
V0
/3 / 3
Vm ,L L sin wtd( wt )
0.95Vm ,L L
6 Vm ,L L
Vn , n 6 , 12, 18, ...
( n 1 )
2
Harmonics for output voltage remain of order 6k, but amplitude are
functions of
2 3 1 1 1 1
iY (t ) I o (cos w0t cos 5 w0t cos 7 w0t cos 11w0t cos 13w0t ....)
5 7 11 13
2 3 1 1 1 1
i (t ) I o (cos w0t cos 5 w0t - cos 7 w0t cos 11w0t cos 13w0t ....)
5 7 11 13
4 3 1 1
iac (t ) iY (t ) i (t ) I o (cos w0t - cos 11w0t cos 13w0t ...)
11 13
iac , harmonic order 12k 1 , k 1,2,...
Vo1 Vo 2
Io
R
3Vm1, L L
Vo1 cos 1
3Vm 2, L L
Vo 2 cos 2
1 t
i s ( wt )
Ls
Vm sin wtd( wt ) I o
Vm
( 1 cos wt ) I o
Ls
Vm
i( u ) I 0 1 cos( u ) I 0
Ls
=> Commutation angle:
1 2I o Ls 1 2I o X S
u cos ( 1 ) cos ( 1 )
Vm Vm
X S Ls
Average load voltage is
1 Vm
Vo
u
V m sin wt d ( wt )
( 1 cos u )
2Vm Io X s
(1 )
Vm
1 2La I 0 1 2X s I0
u cos ( 1 ) cos ( 1 )
Vm ,L L Vm ,L L
During the commutation interval from D1 to D3 , the converter
output voltage is
3Vm ,L L X s I0
Vo (1 )
Vm ,L L