PHILIPPINE VALUES

MODULE 1
 DEFINITIONS AND NATURE OF VALUES
• Etymologically, VALUES comes from the Latin word “valere”, which means to
be strong, to be worth.
• Values are those standards by which a group of society judges the
desirability and importance of persons, ideas, actions or objects.
• Values are shared conceptions of or beliefs in what are considered desirable
or undesirable.
• Values are something deserving of one’s best effort, something worth living
for and, if need be, worth dying for.
• Values are principles or ideas in which groups and individuals may believe
strongly and which guide their respective behaviours; principles by which
man lives.
 DEFINITIONS AND NATURE OF VALUES
• A value is an enduring conception of the preferable which influences choice
and action.

• Values are the ideals, customs, institutions, etc. of a society toward which the
members of the group have an affective regard.
• Value refers to the utility of a thing, the environmental conditions at the time
of evaluation.
• Value is that quality of anything which renders it desirable or useful.
 IMPORTANCE / FUNCTIONS OF VALUES
• Values provide the framework for our judgments.
• Values give purpose and direction to the lives of the people
• Values give meaning and significance to life and society
• Values make things desirable
• Values define what are important to people
• Values provide for the gap between knowledge and action
• Values have a primordial place in education
 THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OR
SOURCES OF VALUES
• The “Inner Man” or Mentalistic Theory of Values – by William James

All our obligations, all of what we call good and what we

call bad, do not exist as good and bad per se. They are
OUR constructions and are for each of us but a product
of each individual’s wants, needs and desires.
 THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OR
SOURCES OF VALUES
• The “Outer Man” or Behavioral Theory of Values – by B.F. Skinner

Values come from your personal experience. You get

punished or rewarded for things you did, and that
reinforcement is what determines what you’ll deem
good and bad.
 THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OR
SOURCES OF VALUES
• The “Id; “Ego”, and “Superego” Theory of Values Preferences – by Sigmund
Freud
We have evolutionary-based instinctual drives – id based
drives – to prefer certain things; we develop over time a
consciousness of ways to interact with our external world
to get what we want – ego based drives – and we have
a set of culturally and parentally induced should and
should not – superego based drives – that spend a good
amount of time in a tension – producing conflict
between what we value and what we prefer.
 THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OR
SOURCES OF VALUES
• The Labeling Theory or Cultural Relativism Theory of Values

Things, ideas, events, behaviour are neither good nor

bad per se. It is society which labels them as either good
or bad. If a society comes to an agreement that
something is good, then it becomes good; when society
labels it as bad, then it becomes bad.
 CLASSIFICATION OF VALUES

1. Economic Values – objects with material value

2. Behavioural Values – internalized guides to behaviour

a. Instrumental Values (means) or the mode behaviour

b. Terminal Values (outcome/end) or the result of behaviour

 CLASSIFICATION OF VALUES
3. Social Values – values arising from interpersonal relations

a. Prescriptive or “thou shall” values

b. Proscriptive or “thou shall not” values

4. Non-social or self-concern values

5. Moral and Spiritual Values

 GENERAL FILIPINO VALUES
• Bahala Na
• Utang na Loob
• Amor Propio
• Fatalism
• SIR
• Use of Euphemisms
• Pakikisama
 GENERAL FILIPINO VALUES
• Hiya or Shame
• Paggalang
• Pakikialam
• Tungkulin ng panganay sa pamilya
• Use of intermediary or go-between
• Segurista attitude
• Gaya-gaya
 GENERAL FILIPINO VALUES
• Pagmamay-ari
• Pagkatitulado
• Lack of sportmanship
• Particularism
• Filipino time
• Mañana Habit
• Ningas cogon tendency
 GENERAL FILIPINO VALUES
• Hele-hele (bago quiere or pakipot)
• Delicadeza
• Palabra de honor
• Colonial mentality
• Compadre system
• Lakad system
• Lagay system
 GENERAL FILIPINO VALUES
• Querida system or Kabit
• Kamag-anak system
• Walang bigayan, walang lamangan mentality
• Relax lang mentality
• Pagkamatiisin
• Crab mentality
• Baka-Sakali attitude
 GENERAL FILIPINO VALUES
• Status consciousness
• High regard for women
• Authoritativeness
• Fiesta syndrome
• Awa mentality
• Bata system