CHANGES IN STATE

2.3 Pt 2
 CHANGES IN STATE

• Changes of state occurs when one matter

transforms into another.
• This is due to the particles in motion.
• Pure substances can exist in all three states
depending on pressure and temperature.
CHANGE OF STATE

Figure 2.16:
Specific terms
are used to
describe
changes of
state.
 CHANGE OF STATE & TEMPERATURE
• Adding energy to matter or removing energy changes the
temperature of it.
• Temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy of
the particles of a substance.
• Increase in temperature means particles GAIN energy
• Decrease in temperature means particles LOSE energy
• To change state of matter, the particles have to reach a
certain temperature.
 KMT & CHANGES OF STATE

• The difference between solids, liquids, & gases is a

difference in kinetic energy.
• Remember in KMT, the more space particles
have…the more they move…the more kinetic
energy they have!
 PHYSICAL CHANGES & PROPERTIES
• Diffusion is the movement of one material through another.
• Since gas particles move so quickly, they diffuse the best
• For example, the scent or odour traveling through a room
 KMT: THERMAL EXPANSION
• Solids, liquids and gases: expand when heated, and
contract when cooled
• Thermal expansion: the expansion of heated materials
• Heating increases kinetic energy of particles
• Causes particles to vibrate faster and move slightly apart
• Material as a whole expands