INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS

THAT DEFINED SOCIETY

Zita M. Corpuz
 Intellectual Revolution is the time period when
advancements of S & T changed people’s
perceptions and beliefs.
 The development during the Intellectual
Revolution showed how society was transformed
by S & T.

COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
The invention of the telescope allowed people to take a
peek at the outer space

Claudius Ptolemy – he believed that the Earth

was at the center – aconcept known as
geocentrism.
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

Nicolas Copernicus challenged the

Ptolemaic model and introduced the
concept known as heliocentrism

Astronomers realized that the

Copernican model simplified the
orbits for planets and was eventually
accepted by the people which was
called the birth of modern astronomy.
 DARWININAN REVOLUTION
Considered to be one of the most controversial
intellectual revolutions of its time.
CHARLES Darwin introduced the theory of evolution.

FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
 In past, Psychology was always classified under philosophy.
It was considered more of an art rather than science.
 In the 19th century, Sigmund Freud was able to change
people’s perception of psychology with his revolutionary
theory of psychoanalysis.
Questions for Reflection:

Can you name other scientific revolutions that

happened in the following places:

a. Meso-American Revolution
b. Asian
c. Middle East
d. African
Meso-American Revolution

 The land joining the two continents, called the

Isthmus of Panama, is only 40 miles wide and
400 miles long.
 The areas in which civilization developed in
Mesoamerica include Mexico and neighboring
parts of Central America,
 People in the Americas developed an entirely
different menu of foods for the simple reason that
the indigenous plants and animals were different
than those in the Fertile Crescent.
 The highlands of Mexico had corn (sometimes
called maize), beans, peppers, tomatoes, and
squash as their staple foods.
ASIAN REVOLUTION
 Science and technology in Asia is varied depending
on the country and time.
 In the past, the Asian civilizations most notable for
their contributions to science and technology were
India, China and the West Asian civilizations.
 At present, probably the most notable country in
Asia in terms of its technological and scientific
achievement is Japan, which is particularly known
for its electronics and automobile products.
 Other countries are also notable in other scientific
fields such as chemical and physics achievements.
AFRICAN INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION

 The first mental hospital was built in

Cairo, Egypt in 800 AD.
 Honey and brain to cure eye infections.
Many medicines incorporated spells to
ward-off evil spirits.
 On Astronomy, there was the discovery
of Equinox and Solstice
 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND
NATION-BUILDING
The development of S & T affect the
development of the Philippines as a nation.

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
Scientific advancements in the Philippines began even
before the Spaniards came to the Philippines:
 The use of certain plants and herbs as medicines.
 Farming and animal raising were implemented.
 Modes of transportation: terrestrial or maritime.
 COLONIAL PERIOD

Spaniards provided the Philippines with

modern means of infrastructures (like
walls, roads and bridges); Health and
education systems
American Occupation brought
modernization, development in the field
of S & T
 POST –COLONIAL PERIOD
 After achieving independence from the
colonizers, the Philippines under different
administrations continued to pursue
programs in Science & Technology.
 Ferdinand Marcos – establishment of
PAG-ASA on placed of the abolished
Weather Bureau, NAST, etc.
 Marcos saw the key to nation-building is
the continued development of S & T.