SEL PROKARIOT Vs SEL EUKARIOT

The three domains of live

SEL PROKARIOT SEL EUKARIOT

 JENIS SEL
Ada 2 jenis sel:

1. SEL PROKARIOT

2. SEL EUKARIOT
1. SEL PROKARIOT

Ukurannya relatif kecil (Ø 0,5-1 m)

Tidak memiliki membran nukleus (inti)
DNAnya kontak dengan sitoplasmanya secara tidak
langsung
Dalam sitoplasmanya mengandung ribosom
Sel dibungkus oleh plasma membran, dinding luar sel
yang kompleks, pili, kadang-kadang berflagela
2. SEL EUKARIOT

Ukurannya relatif besar (Ø 10-100 m)

Bagian dalam sangat kompleks dengan organel-organel
yang dibatasi membran maupun yang tidak dibatasi
membran
Memiliki inti sejati yang dibatasi membran
Organel lain yang dibatasi membran adalah endoplasmik
retikulum, Golgi aparatus, mitokondria, lisosom, dan
mikrobodies.
Organel yang tidak dibatasi membran adalah ribosom,
mikrotubul, sentriol, flagela, dan sitoskeleton
2. SEL EUKARIOT

Sel eukariot hewan dibatasi oleh plasma membran saja,

sering juga dengan flagela
Tidak memiliki dinding sel

Sel eukariot tanaman dibatasi plasma membran dan

dinding sel yang kaku
Memiliki vakuola pusat, kloroplast, tidak mempunyai
sentriol, biasanya tidak mempunyai flagela
Differences between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells
Bacterial cells also contain flagellum, plasmid and capsule.

Feature Prokaryote Eukaryote

Size Small about 0.5

Up to 40 micrometers
micrometers
Genetic Circular DNA (in DNA in form of linear
material cytoplasm) chromosomes ( in nucleus)

Many organelles:
•Double membranes e.g.:
Few present, none
Organelles membrane bound
nucleus, mitochondria &
chloroplasts
•Single membrane e.g.: GA,
ER & lysosomes

•Fungi: rigid, formed from

Rigid formed from polysaccharide, chitin.
Cell walls glycoproteins (mainly •Plant: rigid, formed from
murein) polysaccharides. E.g.:
cellulose.
•Animals no cell wall
Ribosome’s 70s 80s
 The animal Cell
Nucleus only in
eukaryotic cells.
The ER modifies proteins, makes macromolecules, Contains most of the
and transfers substances throughout the cell. cell's genetic material.

Ribosome translates
mRNA into a polypeptide
chain (e.g., a protein).

Mitochondrion
manufactures adenosine
triphosphate (ATP), which
is used as a source of • circa 100 trillion (1014) cells in a human organism
energy. • 200 different forms of cells
Ulf Schmitz, Introduction to
15
molecular and cell biology
 Prokaryotes
• Single celled organism
• Kingdom Monera
• Lacks a cell nucleus
• Internal structure is less
organized than other cells
 Prokaryotes
• Genetic info needed is within
the cell
• Two most common – blue
green bacteria and true
bacteria
 Blue green bacteria
• Have ability to produce their
own food like plants
• Most bacteria get their food
from other sources
 Prokaryotes
• Less complex than eukaryotes
• Still have many of the basic
internal characteristics
 Common prokaryote
structures
• Cytoplasm
• Chromosomal material
• Cell membrane and wall
• Ribosomes
• Some have flagellum for mobility
 Eukaryotes
• Organism made up of cells that
have a nucleus
• May be single celled – Kingdom
Protista
• May have billions of cells like
plant and animal kingdoms
 Eukaryotes
• Single celled eukaryotes
include paramecia, euglena,
and diatoms
 Eukaryotes
• Typically are highly organized
• Infinite number of shapes and
purposes
 Eukaryotes
• Human body has at least 85
different cell types
• All eukaryotes have a number
of structures in common