Process Control System

DR. Ir. Mochammad Rameli

Eka Iskandar, ST, MT
 Objectives
• Learn the open-loop dynamic behavior of certain
processes are so different from what one
normally observes for most other processes.
• Later we call this fenomena as difficult process
dinamics.
• Several dynamic behavior that we can
categoryzed as difficult process dinamics are time
delay, inverse response, and open loop unstable
 Reference

• Babatunde A. Ogunnaike,
Process, Dynamics, Modeling and
Control
 Pengertian sistem
• Definisi Sistem :
• 1. Suatu proses yang menghasilkan
transformasi sinyal

• 2. Kombinasi elemen-elemen yang

bekerjasama untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu
 Contoh sistem
• Pabrik
 Pengertian sistem kontrol
• Kombinasi dari elemen-elemen yang
bekerjasama untuk mengontrol keluaran
sistem
 Sistem kontrol berumpan balik
• Sistem Kontrol yang cenderung menjaga hubungan yang telah
ditentukan antara input dan output referensi dengan
membandingkannya dan menggunakan selisihnya sebagai alat
pengontrol.
 Contoh sistem berumpan balik
• Kontrol level
 Regulator
• Sistem kontrol berumpan-balik dengan input
referensi tetap, atau berubah lambat terhadap
waktu.
• Tugas utamanya adalah menjaga output pada harga
yang diinginkan walaupun ada gangguan.
 Diagram Blok
• Diagram Blok:
Representasi hubungan sebab akibat antara
input dan output suatu sistem dengan
menggunakan gambar
Blok diagram kontrol level
Blok diagram kontrol temperatur
Element kontrol proses
Element kontrol proses
 Variable of process
• Input variable
• Output variable
• State variable
• Manipulated variable/control variable
• Disturbance variable
• Unmeasured variable
Variable of process
Tujuan sistem pengaturan
 Element System Pengaturan
• Sensor
• Controler
• Transmitter
• Final Control Elements
• Other Element
 Konfigurasi sistem pengaturan
• Feedback control
• Feedforward
• Open loop Control
 Penyebab Output variabel berbeda
dari setpoint
• Karena efek disturbance
• Karena perubahan setpoint
Tujuan
 Problem
• Mengendalikan suhu crude oil
Solusi manual control
Solusi Feedback control system
Solusi feedforward control system
Solusi feedback/feedforward control
system
Solusi feedforward/feedback-plus
cascade)
Possible response of linear process

1st order response Inverse response Oscillatory response

Time delay response Unstable response

Going to steady response Grow undifinetly response High order response

 Unit step response of several
noninteracting first-order systems in
series
 Inverse response system
• Processes with inverse response will initially
move in the wrong direction against set point,
later turn aproaching set point.
System composed of two opposing
first-order systems in parallel
Initial and final aspect of the behavior
of the composite system
Requirement inverse response
happened
Requirement inverse response
happened
The Drum Boiler
Reboiler Section of distillation column
Exothermic Tubular Catalytic Reactor
Inverse response system
Unit step response of a system with
one right-half plane zero
Unit step response of system A and B,
demonstrating the effect of an
additional pole
Unit step response of system B and C,
demostrating the effect of an
addtional zero
Unit step response of system A and C,
demonstrating the effect of an
additional zero and pole
Dynamic behavior of System D with
the RHP zeros
Dynamic behavior of System E with
three RHP zeros
Dynamic behavior of system F with
four RHP zeros
 System with time delay
• Processes with time delays have a significant
delay before they aproaching set point.
Time delay systems
A chemical reactor where reactants
are mixed a long distance upstream
Block diagram system with delay
Response of system to a unit step
change in pipe inlet concentration
Block diagram representation of the
general time delay system
Unit step response for system of
example 8.1
 Comparison of step responses of a
high order system with that of a first
order plus time delay system
Steam heated head exchanger
 Pade approxymation
•
Delay pada state space model
Delay pada tranfer fungsi
 Open loop unstable system
• Processes that are open-loop unstable will
"run away“ avoiding set point.
Three possible response of a dynamic
system to a disturbance
Stability definition
Stability definition
The complex plane showing the location of
system poles (x) and system zeros (o)
Stability Criteria for State Space
System
Effect of additional LHP zero on the unit
step response of an open loop unstable
system exhibiting exponential instability
 Unit step response of an open loop
unstable system exhibiting oscillatory
instability
Effect of an additional LHP pole on the unit
step response of an open loop unstable
system exhibiting oscillatory instability
Effect of an additional LHP zero on the unit
step response of an open loop unstable
system exhibiting oscillatory instability
Three noninteracting tanks in series
with proportional feedback control
Response of the three tank system under
proportional feedback control to a unit
step change in set point
Thank You