Hyperactivity-impulsivity present Before the age of seven years CORE SYMPTOMS ADHD brief definition
– Must be more severe than those seen in other
children of same age. – Must be present in several settings. – Must create severe problems in everyday life – Will change with age and can be life long ADHD in preschool children (3-6 years)
Comorbid symptoms and problems
Hard to manage preschoolers Temper tantrum Oppositional Defiant Disorder Specific developmental disorders of Speech and language Motor function Attachment disorder Disturbed parent-child relationship Exhausted parents Delayed school readiness COMORBIDITY ADHD 11% tic 40% 14% conduct disorder Oppositional defiant disorder 4%mood
34% anxiety COMORBIDITY
Anxiety / depressions overlaps of symptoms
Tics – start later in life and improve earlier than ADHD Stimulants might increase tics Stimulants may be use in combination with drugs reduction ( eg resperidone) COMORBIDITY anxiety / depression & ADHD
Symptom overlap of poor concentration/
motor restlessness in anxiety( general anxiety) or depression (major depression/ dysthymia) Less situational pervasiveness of these symptoms in anxiety and depression Up to 40% of children with ADHD can have comorbid anxiety/ depression and vice versa COMORBIDITY Tics disorders
Tic start later in childhood and improve
earlier than ADHD Stimulants might increase tics Stimulants may be used in combination with drugs for tic reduction i.e resperidone COMORBIDITY Developmental Coordination Disorder
Overlap in about 50% of cases
Poor drawing and handwriting Often additional developmental problems Higher risk for difficulties in social group interaction COMORBIDITY Dyscalculia (DC)
The association of children with dyscalculia
having dyslexia is 17% and ADHD 26% 20% of boys with ADHD have dyscalculia Children with the dual diagnosis of DC and dyslexia have more profound impairment of arithmetic skills and poorer performance on neuropsychological test than children with DC alone or DC with ADHD CLINICAL PICTURE Course of the disorder Increasing complications with age Low Family Poor self esteem disruption social skills Disruptive Learning behaviour problems Complex Learning Oppositional difficulties ADHD only defiant disorder Lack of Mood motivation disorder Conduct Provocative disorder Substance Antisocial behaviour abuse School behaviour exclusion THANK YOU