ADVANTAGES OF

BREASTFEEDING

ABINASH JOSHI
PREFINAL MBBS
COMPOSITION OF BREAST MILK
PROTEINS 11 CARBOHYDRATES 70
CASEIN 4
SOLUBLEPROTEIN 7 LACTOSE 62
LACTALBUMIN 4 NITOGENOUS 8
OLIGOSACCARIDES
LACTOTRANSFERRIN 3.7
IMMUNOGLOBULIN 2
LYSOZYME LIPIDS 35
.32
LINOLEIC ACID 3.5

VITAMINS
MINERALS 2
Ca .33 C 60 mg
P .15 D 50 IU
Fe 1.5

ENERGY 640 – 720 Kcal

2640-3000j
 COLOSTRUM
Bright lemon yellow ; alkaline ; viscous fluid secreted
during first 5-7 days : compared to mature milk it is
1) More rich in protein (2.3gm/dl) but less fat
2) Very rich in immunoglobulin especially IgA.
3) rich in cholesterol , Na , K , Cl , Zinc , Copper , leucocytes
( macrophages , lymphocytes )
Antibacterial .more rich in Vit.A than mature milk.
4) reducing enterohepatic circulation and prevent
hyperbilirubinaemia
5) Laxative effect by enhancing GIT motility leading to prevention
of meconium blood formation which is the most common
cause intestinal destruction.
ADVANTAGES FOR INFANT

 Physical
 Emotional
 Physical Advantages for Infant
 Breast milk is nutritionally perfect for infants
 Readily available with no preparation or
sterilization
 Easily digested resulting in less gas, colic, and
spitting up
 Presence of antibodies and other protective
factors
 BALANCED DIET
1- protein: 70% soluble ; easily digested.
2- fat: essential long chain ; needed for brain develop
3- high fat satiety .
4- high cholesterol: myelination of nervous system.
5- high lactose galactose brain growth.
6- colostrum: increasing zinc prevent necrotizing
enterocolitis.
7- high content of Vitamin E,C,D,A and niacin.
8- decreasing phosphate prevent neonatal
hypocalcemic convulsions
 ANTI INFECTION PROPERTY

protection from GIT and respiratory

infections:-
 Breast milk has a living property ; it contains
living cells from the mother i.e. Payer's
patches in the mother circulating blood reach
the bowel of the baby ( supplying it with
macrophages and lymphocytes ). They reach
the baby Payer's patches in the intestine and
increasing it's cell-mediated immunity.
HUMAN MILK CONTAINS
1- bacterial and viral antibodies
2- Secretory IgA
3- Lactoferrin
4- Lactose
5- Lipase cells
6- Milk macrophages.
7- Milk B-lymphocytes
8- Milk T-lymphocytes
 ANTI INFLAMMATORY
Contains
Tocopherol
Antioxidants
Cytoprotective agents

ANTI ANAEMIC
Lower risk of iron deficiency during the first
6 months of life because:
Higher iron content (1.5 times cow's milk).
 ANTI RICKETIC
Breast milk lower incidence of
rickets due to :
a- higher content of biologically active vit.D.
Ideal Cal/phosph ratio helps optimal
absorption of both. (Ca/P ratio = 2:1).
ANTI ALLERGIC
It protects against allergic diseases such as
infantile eczema , allergic rhinitis , asthma
and allergic gastroenteropathy.
STUDIES AND REPORTS

Tambury n co studied the motor and mental development

of 99 bottle fed and 130 breast fed babies .breast fed
babies had higher scores than botttle fed babies in all socio
economic classes
●
Sterken in his studies among the infants in USA found breast milk leads to
increased intelligence quotient due to amino acids and long chain fatty acids
●
Breastfed baby has IQ 8 > non breast fed baby

Birch studies shows breastfed child having better visual

acuity.
Emotional Advantages for Infant

 Promotes bonding with mother

Advantages for Mother

 Physical
 Social
 Emotional
 Economic
Physical Advantages for Mother

 Decreased vaginal bleeding and risk of

hemorrhage after birth
 Weight loss due to increased caloric needs
 Reduction of breast cancer risk, especially
women who breastfeed for more than 2 years
 Reduction of uterine and ovarian cancer risk
Social Advantages for Mother

 Breast milk is always

available
 Breastfeeding can be
done discreetly
 Helps to space their
child birth
Emotional Advantages for Mother

 Promotes bonding and a close relationship

between mother and infant
 Provides opportunity for rest during the day
Economic Advantages for Mother
 Savings of more than
$1000 during first
year
 Infants with fewer
illnesses results in
lower health care
costs
 Healthier babies
result in fewer sick
days for parents
CONTRAINDICATIONS
FOR
BREAST FEEDING
MATERNAL CAUSES -

mother suffering from diseases like

HIV,HTLV-1

mother taking "antimetabolite drugs"

mother taking "

therapeutic doses of radio pharmaceuticals"

mother taking "drugs of abuse"

 HIV and BREAST FEEDING

While breastfeeding carries significant health benefits to infants

and young children, HIV can be transmitted during breastfeeding
from an HIV-infected mother to her infant. Reducing this
transmission while ensuring improved HIV-freesurvival1 is one of
the most pressing public health dilemmas, especially in developing
countries.
HIV/AIDS is an increasingly important cause of mortality in those
aged less than five years. Before antiretroviral therapy (ART) era,
child mortality due to HIV was estimated to be 35.2% byage one
year and 52.5% by two years of age.Mother-to-child transmission of
HIV can occur during pregnancy, labour or through breastfeeding.
Without specific interventions,HIV-infected women will pass the
virus to the infant
Breastfeeding may thus be responsible for one third to one
half of HIV infections in infants when interventions are not
available.

Maternal seroconversion during breastfeeding, low maternal

CD4 cell count, increased maternal RNA viral load in
plasma and breast milk and a lack of persistence of HIV-
specific IgM in breast-milk at 18 months are strongly
associated with increased risk of transmission.
 PREVENTIVE MEASURES

 appropriate counselling
 Postnatal follow-up
 Early cessation of breastfeeding
 approaches to treating expressed
breast milk to eliminate the risk of
transmission
 ART to women during breastfeeding
Other sources list only few more conditions
where caution is indicated:

 "Infectious (contagious) tuberculosis:

Breastfeeding is safe after the mother has
undergone treatment and is no longer
contagious.

 Hepatitis A: Breastfeeding is safe after the

mother receives a dose of gamma globulin.
 Hepatitis B: Breastfeeding is safe after the baby
receives a dose of Hepatitis B immune globulin
(HBIG). The baby should also be started on the
first of three doses of Hepatitis B vaccine.

 Herpes simplex: Breastfeeding is safe if there

are no lesions on the breast.

 Chicken pox: Breastfeeding is safe as soon as

the mother is noninfectious, meaning all spots
are crusted over.
 Lyme disease: Breastfeeding is safe as soon
as the mother initiates treatment.“

 CMV (Cytomegalovirus): Low birth weight

premature infants may have problems with
CMV in their mother's milk and heat
treatment and/or freezing and re-warming
may help - very preliminary research on this.
 Recommendations are often different in
developing countries, where the risk of infant
mortality is higher if the baby does not
breastfeed.

 If the mother has a common illnesses such as

a cold or flu or mastitis she should continue to
breastfeed her infant. Such illnesses are not
passed through breast milk and
breastfeeding continues to provide
immunities to the infant.
 DRUGS AND BREASTFEEDING    
     As the number of nursing mothers continues
to increase, so does the use of drugs, both
legal and recreational there are three things
we know for sure about drugs and
breastmilk: 
 Nearly all drugs pass into human milk.
 Almost all medication appears in very small
amounts, usually less than 1% of the maternal
dose.
 Very few drugs are contraindicated for
nursing mothers.
Cytotoxic drugs
Cyclosporine, Cyclophosphamide
Antimetabolite
Methotrexate,azathioprine-used to treat
cancer or organ transplant rejection.
Antimicrobials
Chloramphenicol,ciprofloxacin
Antifungal
fluconazole,ketoconazole
Antidiabetic metformin
Others Bromocriptine ,Ergotamine, Estrogen
 RADIO PHARMACEUTICALS
Radioactive substances are used for diagnostic
Test in cancer ,the baby should temporarily
wean
X rays and radiation therapy are compatible
with breast feeding
DRUG ABUSE
  There are some “recreational drugs” that should
not be used.  These include alcohol, caffeine,
nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, heroin,
hallucinogens, and amphetamines
INFANT CAUSES

lnborn errors of metabolism

galactosemia, phenylketonuria.
Inborn error of digestion
monosaccharide disaccharide intolerance
Severe cleft palate
Oral herpes simplex
THANK YOU