Konsensus GERD 2013
Konsensus GERD 2013
Disease( GERD)
Dr. SAPTINO MIRO, SpPD
BAGIAN ILMU PENYAKIT DALAM FK-UNAND/RS.M.DJAMIL
PADANG
Pendahuluan
• GER ( refluks gastroesofageal ) adalah
fenomena yang dapat timbul sewaktu-waktu
pada populasi umum , terutama sehabis
makan dan kemudian kembali seperti normal
refluks fisiologis.
• Dikatakan patologis (GERD) bila terjadi refluks
berulang dalam waktu lama sehingga menim
bulkan keluhan/kerusakan mukosa esofagus
• Terdapat peningkatan prevalensi GERD
Epidemiologi
• Genetic factors
Pathophysiology of GERD
salivary HCO3
Impaired
mucosal oesophageal
defence clearance of acid
(lying flat, alcohol,
coffee)
Impaired LOS
(smoking, fat, alcohol) Hiatus hernia
– transient LOS
relaxations acid output
H+ (smoking, coffee)
– basal tone Bile and
Pepsin
pancreatic
enzymes
intragastric pressure
(obesity, lying flat)
NERD
o Tidak ada kerusakan jaringan (endoskopi)
o Pemeriksaan pH esophagus hasil (+)
o Terapi empiris (PPI test) hasil (+)
Endoskopi
Pemeriksaan histopatologi
Pemeriksaan pH metri 24 jam
Penunjang diagnostik lain:
Esofagografi dengan barium, Manometri
esofagus
Los Angeles classification
system for esophagitis
Grade A Grade B
One or more mucosal One or more mucosal
breaks, no longer than breaks, more than 5
5 mm, that do not mm long, that do not
extend between the extend between the
tops of two mucosal tops of two mucosal
folds folds
Grade C Grade D
One or more mucosal One or more mucosal
breaks, that are breaks, that involve at
continuous between the least 75% of
tops of two or more the oesophageal
mucosal folds, but which circumference
involve less than 75% of
the circumference
Grade II
Several erosions in several mucosal folds,
the erosions can merge
Grade III
Erosions surrounding the oesophageal circumference
Grade IV
Ulcer(s), strictures, shortening of the oesophagus
Grade V
Barrett’s epithelium
Savary & Miller. The Esophagus. In: Handbook & Atlas of Endoscopy.
Solothurn, Switzerland: Verlag Gassman AG, 1978: 119–205.
Grade I esophagitis
Savary-Miller
classification
Savary-Miller
classification
Several erosions in
several mucosal folds,
the erosions can merge
www.gastrolab.net
Grade III esophagitis
Savary-Miller
classification
Erosions surrounding
the oesophageal
circumference
Savary-Miller
classification
Ulcer(s), shortening of
the oesophagus
Savary-Miller
classification
Moderate Barrett’s
oesophagus
Savary-Miller
classification
Stricture
Nadel, UCHC.
Grade V esophagitis
Savary-Miller
classification
Moderate Barrett’s
oesophagus
Savary-Miller
classification
Severe Barrett’s
oesophagus
Nadel/Saint Francis Hospital. In: Gastrointestinal Pathology. Fenoglio-Preiser, New York: Raven Press, 1989: 96–100.
Alarm features for GERD
Odynophagia
Dysphagia Bleeding
Alarm
features
Gejala alarm
Umur > 40 th Tanpa gejala alarm
Terapi empirik
Tes PPI
Hiatus hernia
Esophageal stricture
Esophageal cancer
Chest pain of cardiac origin
Functional dyspepsia
Prokinetic
motility agents
Reduce weight
Modifications
Avoid reflux-promoting
agents (e.g. alcohol,
coffee, some foods)
(not evidence based)
Keluhan
UNINVESTIGATED INVESTIGATED
berulang
PENGOBATAN EMPIRIK 2
TERAPI
minggu ( PPI test ? )
AWAL / INITIAL
TERAPI TERAPI
“BILA PERLU” PEMELIHARAAN
PPI PPI
On-Demand Maintenance
TERIMA KASIH