Structures that hold

People
 What is Fuselage?
O -the body of the aircraft
O -it is where the wings,
engine, tail and landing
gear are attached
Two types of Fuselage

OTruss Fuselage
construction
OStressed skin type.
 What is truss Fuselage
Construction?
O It is a form of construction in which a
number of members are joined to
form a rigid structure.
O Wooden longerons is the main
lengthwise structural member
O Longerons are held apart by wooden
struts
Truss Fuselage Construction
O 1. Pratt truss - its struts carry only
compressive loads, while the stays carry
only the tensile loads.
O 2. Warren Truss - the longerons are
separated by diagonal members that can
carry both compressive and tensile loads
O Using both pratt and warren
trusses by the addition of a
non load carrying
superstructure, and the
entire fuselage is covered
with cloth fabric.
 What is a Stressed skin
structure?

O All the loads are carried in the outside

skin.
O Does not require angular shape unlike
the truss.
O Can be built with very clean, smooth
and aerodynamically efficient shape.
A common hen egg can be a
good example of a stressed
skin structure.
O The fragile shell of an egg can support an
almost unbelieveable load. When it is
applied in the proper direction, as long as
the shell is not cracked.
 Dents
O Biggest limitation of a stressed skin
structure.
O Once a structure become prone to
dents, the whole structure can be
crushed very easily from top to
bottom.
Types of Stressed Skin
construction
O a. Monocoque Structure
O b. Semi monocoque structure
O c. Pressurized structure
 Monocoque Structure
O Carries all the stress in his skins
O Upper and lower skins are made of thin sheets of
aluminum alloy.
O The skins are riveted to former rings which is
pressed from thin sheets in a hydropress .
O It has sufficient strength for only low stress
areas.
O All damage must be repair to return the
structure's rigidity.
Semi monocoque structure
O It has more strength than the monocoque
construction
O Formers and stringers are added as a
substructure of it.
O Formers and stringers are made of extruded
aluminum alloy.
Pressurized Structure

O Needed in High-altitude flights

O Increased pressure in cabin to provide
sufficient life support for the passengers to
breathe normally.
 British comets
O An aircraft in which apply 8 psi
pressurization in structure. It results from
cracks of its fatigued skin due to
pressurization and depressurization cycles
which leads to pressure differential and
virtual explosion of the structure.
 Stress risers
O Portions of the structure where the cross
section changes abruptly.
O To eliminate this kinds of stresses, joints and
connections are prestressed carefully. The
structure is designed with more than one
load path for the stresses so there is a
reinforcement structure once a place of
structure develops a crack and there will be
no serious failure that will occur.