PPT-4th Q Prob and Stats (Final Presentation) CARONAN-ABUBO

Regional Mass Training Of Teachers
on Critical Content in
Mathematics 8
July 1–12, 2018

Big 8 Corporate Hotel, Tagum City
MA. STELLA B. CARONAN, MAT-MATH

Cabantian National High School
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
OBJECTIVES:
For this session, the teachers will be able to:
•relate probability to statistical measures
involving real-life problems;
•solve problems under Statistics and
Probability, 4th quarter of Math 8;
•Identify the appropriate assessment that
is suited to the critical content.
BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

OBJECTIVES:
For this session, the teachers will be able to:
•create problems/activities/ tasks under Statistics and
Probability, 4th quarter of Math 8 that promote critical
thinking skills to the students and/or applicable to daily
life;
•exhibit the problem solving strategies and approaches
applicable in teaching Statistics and Probability, 4th
quarter of Math 8 correctly devoid of misconceptions
and malpractices;
Silent Birthdays
• The length of the wall has

a span of exactly one
year.
• One end is January 1st
while the other end is
December 31st
• Without talking, line up
along the wall according
to your birthday.
What’s your birth month?
Speaking of birthdays …
What’s your generation?
Baby Boomers Generation X Generation Y Generation Z
Birth Year 1946-1964 1965-1979 1980-1995 1996-2010
Iconic Technology TV VCR Internet Ipad
Audio Casette Walkman Email Google
Transistor Radio IBM PC SMS Facebook
DVD Twitter
Learning Format Relaxed Spontaneous Multi-sensory Student-centric
Structured Interactive Visual Kinesthetic
Learning Classro0m Style Round-table Style Café Style Lounge Room
Environment Quiet Atmosphere Relaxed Ambiance Music and Multi- Style
modal Multi-stimulus
Influencers Evidential Pragmatic Experiential User-generated
Experts Practitioners Peers Forums
Ideal Leaders Commanding Co-ordinating Empowering Inspiring Co-
Thinkers Doers Collaborators creators
McCrincdle Research 2012
•BABY BOOMER - 1946 – 1964

• GENERATION X – 1965 - 1979
•GENERATION Y – 1980 - 1995
•GENERATION Z – 1996 - 2010
Birth Year 1946-1964 1965-1979 1980-1995 1996-2010
DVD Twitter

Birth Year 1946-1964 1965-1979 1980-1995 1996-2010
DVD Twitter

Birth Year 1946-1964 1965-1979 1980-1995 1996-2010
DVD Twitter

Birth Year 1946-1964 1965-1979 1980-1995 1996-2010
DVD Twitter

Birth Year 1946-1964 1965-1979 1980-1995 1996-2010
DVD Twitter
Ideal Leaders Commanding Co-ordinating Empowering Inspiring Co-
Thinkers Doers Collaborators creators

Now that we know
each other let’s get
down to business ...
What are
we up
against?
Math 8 4th Quarter
Math 8 4th Quarter
Refer to the knowledge,
understanding, skills and
attitudes that students
need to demonstrate in
every lesson or learning
activity.
Why Statistics and
Probability? What is the
connection between them?
What is different about
them?
Think of terms you
Activity 1.1 encountered the first
time you studied
statistics and probability
• Mean
• Random Data
• Percentile
• Chances and Likelihood
• Standard Deviation
• Sample
Place the terms
Activity 1.2 we’ve listed in the
appropriate regions
of the Venn
Diagram. Add some
more terms if you
like.
Statistics Probability
Reflections
a branch of a branch of
mathematics mathematics
whenever concerned with
dealing with the
we make the study of
collection,
inferences probabilities; the
analysis,
about a chance that a
interpretation,
population given event will
and
presentation of occur
masses of
numerical data
Statistics Probability
Definition of Terms
Trial (No. of
Experiment Outcome Sample Space Event
Trials)
• A process by • One instance • An observed • The set of all • A set whose
which an of an result of an possible elements are
observation experiment experiment outcomes of some
is obtained (the number an outcomes of
Random of times an experiment an
Experiment experiment is experiment
repeated) Sample Point (a subset of
• a process that the sample
can be repeated space)
under similar • An element of a
conditions but sample space
whose outcome
cannot be
predicted with
certainty
beforehand
Definition of Terms
Trial (No. of
Experiment Outcome Sample Space Event
Trials)
• Tossing a fair • Trials = 2 • Toss 1 = H • {(H,H), (H,T), • Getting at
coin • Toss 2 = T (T,H), (T,T)} least one
head
One more term …
Probability
•Measures the likelihood or chance that
an event will occur
•Can be expressed in
•Fractions,
•Decimals, or
•Percentage
How do we describe
the likelihood of an
event without using
numerical values?
The Likelihood Scale
Impossible Unlikely 50% Chance Likely Certain
Finding a Getting a
Drawing a red
person number Getting a
marble from The event
capable of higher than 2 head when
an urn that its rains
running when an tossing an
containing 4 in summer
2000km per unbiased die unbiased coin
red marbles
second is tossed
Finding a
person
capable of
running
2000km per
second
Getting a
Drawing a red
number Getting a
marble from The event
higher than 2 head when
an urn that its rains
when an tossing an
containing 4 in summer
unbiased die unbiased coin
red marbles
is tossed
Finding a Drawing a red

person marble from
capable of an urn
running containing 4
2000km per red marbles
second
Getting a
number Getting a
The event
higher than 2 head when
that its rains
when an tossing an
in summer
unbiased die unbiased coin
is tossed
Finding a Getting a
Drawing a red
person number
marble from
capable of higher than 2
an urn
running when an
containing 4
2000km per unbiased die
red marbles
second is tossed
Getting a
The event
head when
that its rains
tossing an
in summer
unbiased coin
Finding a Getting a
Drawing a red
person number
The event marble from
capable of higher than 2
that its rains an urn
running when an
in summer containing 4
2000km per unbiased die
red marbles
second is tossed
Getting a
head when
tossing an
unbiased coin
Finding a Getting a
Drawing a red
person Getting a number
The event marble from
capable of head when higher than 2
that its rains an urn
running tossing an when an
in summer containing 4
2000km per unbiased coin unbiased die
red marbles
second is tossed
The event
Someone that you will The date after
The event The day after
from class will drink water the 29th is the
that it will Thursday is
be sick sometime 30th in a
rain today Friday
tomorrow during the month
day
The event
that it will
rain today
The event
Someone that you will The date after
The day after
from class will drink water the 29th is the
Thursday is
be sick sometime 30th in a
Friday
tomorrow during the month
day
The event
that it will
rain today
The event
that you will The date after
The day after
Someone drink water the 29th is the
Thursday is
from class will sometime 30th in a
Friday
be sick during the month
tomorrow day
The event
that you will
The event drink water
that it will sometime
rain today during the
day
The date after

The day after
Someone the 29th is the
Thursday is
from class will 30th in a
Friday
be sick month
tomorrow
The event
that you will
drink water
sometime
rain today Friday
during the
day
The date after

Someone the 29th is the
from class will 30th in a
be sick month
tomorrow
The event
that you will
drink water
sometime
rain today Friday
during the
day
Someone The date after

from class will the 29th is the
be sick 30th in a
tomorrow month
Let’s now describe
events in relation to
each other…
Consider the following pairs of events…
A K
Q A 3 8 Drawing
Drawing a Drawing 2 6
Drawing9a J J a
Drawing a
Q Q A Red Face
Queen an AceA JDiamond
4suit10
red Q Card
Face K
5 7 Card
Q A Q K Q
Drawing a Drawing an Drawing a Drawing a

Queen Ace Diamond Red Face
Card
8
K
Q A A 3 J
Drawing a Drawing
A Drawing
9 aDrawing a
Q Q K J
Queen an AceA 4 red
10suit Face Card
7 6 Q Q
Q A 2 5

Card
MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS NON-MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

Mutually Exclusive Events
•Events that cannot happen at
the same time.
•In logic, two propositions are
mutually exclusive or disjoint if
they cannot both be true.
Can you get an Ace that is a Queen? Can you get a Diamond that is a Red
Face Card?
8
K
Q A A 3 J
Drawing a Drawing
A Drawing
9 aDrawing a
Q Q K J
Queen an AceA 4 red
10suit Face Card
7 6 Q Q
Q A 2 5

Card
MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS NON-MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

Are these mutually exclusive events?
Up next…
Activity 2
Review of Concepts P
R
DOWN
O U T C O M E
1 – Measures the chance that an
event will occur
B X
3 – A process in which an S A M P L E S P A C E
observation is obtained
B E
ACROSS I R
2 – The observed result of an
experiment L I
4 – The set of all possible outcomes
of an experiment I M
5 – One occurrence of an
experiment T R I A L E
6 – The set of some outcomes of
an experiment Y N
E V E N T
Recall…
Trial (No. Sample
Experiment Outcome Event
of Trials) Space
• A process • One • An • The set of • A set
by which instance of observed all possible whose
an an result of an outcomes elements
observation experiment experiment of an are some
is obtained (the experiment outcomes
number of of an
times an experiment
experiment (a subset of
is the sample
repeated) space)
Recall…
Sample Space
•The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment

Up next…
Activity 3
How do we
enumerate all the
elements of a
sample space?
List the Elements of the Sample Space
One Coin Toss
•{H, T}
One Die Toss
•{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Drawing a card from a standard deck
•{A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
J,Q,K,…}
Two Coin Toss
{HH, TT, HT, TH}
One Coin and One Die Toss
{(H,1),(H,2),(H,3),(H,4),(H,5),(H,6),(T,1),(T,2),(T,3),(T,4),(T,5),(T,6)}
Choosing a number from 1 to 3, a letter from A to C, and one of

the following emoticons , 
{(1,A,),(2,A,),(3,A,),(1,B,),(2,B,,(2,B,),(3,A,),(3,B,),(3,C,),
(1,A,),(2,A,),(3,A,),(1,B,),(2,B,,(2,B,),(3,A,),(3,B,),(3,C,)}
Two Coin Toss 1st Toss 2nd Toss
Heads (H,H)
C Heads
o Tails (H,T)
i Heads (T,H)
n Tails
Tails (T,T)
{(H,H),(T,H),(H,T),(T,T)} S = {(H,H),(T,H),(H,T),(T,T)}
SYSTEMATIC LISTING TREE DIAGRAM

Can you do a tree diagram with these?
One Coin Toss
•{H, T}
One Die Toss
•{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Drawing a card from a standard deck
•{A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,J,Q,K,…}
Example 1
You decide to get a size flavor
popcorn at a movie B (R,B)
theatre. The popcorn R
comes in regular, large, C (R,C)
POPCORN
jumbo sizes and have a B (L,B)
choice whether buttered L
or cheese. Construct a tree
C (L,C)
diagram to determine the B (J,B)
possible choices for your J
C (J,C)
popcorn.
S = {(R,B),(R,C),(L,B),(L,C),(J,B),(J,C)}
Example 2
A salesperson is travelling A to B B to C C to B
from Town A to Town C via
B B (J,B,B)
Town B. From A to B, he can Tn (J,B,Tn)
travel via jeep or tricycle. J B (J,Tn,B)
From B to C, he can travel via Tn Tn (J,Tn,Tn)
bus or train. Construct a tree
diagram to list his possible B B (Tc,B,B)
travel arrangements if he is Tc Tn (Tc,B,Tn)

supposed to return to Town B Tn B (Tc,Tn,B)
after visiting Town C. Tn (Tc,Tn,Tn)
S = {(J,B,B),(J,B,Tn),(J,Tn,B),(J,Tn,Tn),(Tc,B,B),(Tc,B,Tn),(Tc,Tr,B),(Tc,Tn,Tn)}
Example 3
Person 1 Person 2
Three strangers meet
and shake hands. One
person can only shake B (A,B)
hands with another A
C (A,C)
person once. How many
B C (B,C)
handshakes were
made? C
S = {(A,B)(A,C)(B,C)}
Form 5 groups.
Up next…
Activity 4
Construct a
Tree Diagram
TEAM 1
Mari is deciding what to eat during lunch. She tossed a coin.
When a Head come up, she will go to Jollibee and order one
of the following (C5,S5,Y5). When a tail comes up, she will roll
a die. If a yields an odd number she will go to Pancake House
and order BP2(2 blueberry pancakes). If the die yields an
even number that is a prime number, she will go to Italliani’s
and order BT(beef tenderloin). Otherwise, she will not eat
her lunch.
SOLUTION
DEPARTMENT
H OF C5
EDUCATION
S5
Y5
1 BP2
COIN
3 BP2
5 BP2
T 2 BT
4 NO LUNCH
6 NO LUNCH
TEAM 2
A coin is tossed, if a head comes up a marble is
drawn from an urn with 3 identical yellow, 2
identical green and 3 identical red balls. If a tail
comes up, a spinner with 8 region numbered 1 – 8
was spun.

SOLUTION
COIN
H T
Y Y Y G G R R R 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

TEAM 3
A spinner with 8 region numbered 1 – 8 was
spun. If an even number comes up, a die is
thrown; if an odd number comes up the player
will stop. If a die yields an even number, the same
spinner was spun again; if an add number comes
up the player will stop. The cycle continues until 5
even numbers is achieved.
SOLUTION
O
DIE O
E O
E O
E O
E
E

TEAM 4
A new restaurant has opened, and they offer lunch

combos for $5.00. with the combo meal you get 1
sandwich, 1 side, and 1 drink. The choices are below.
Sandwiches: Chicken salad, Turkey, Grilled Cheese

Sides: Chips, French fries, Fruit Cup
Drinks: Soda, Water.
SOLUTION S Sandwiches:
DEPARTMENT
C W OF EDUCATION (CS)Chicken salad,
(CS,C,S)
(CS,C,W)
CS FF W S (CS,FF,S) (T)Turkey,
(CS,FF,W)
(GC)Grilled Cheese
FC WS (CS,F,CS)
(CS,FC,W)
Sides: (C)Chips,
C WS (T,C,S)
(T,C,W) (FF)French fries

COMBO S (T,FF,S) (FC)Fruit Cup
T FF W
MEALS (T,FF,W)
FC WS (T,FC,S)
Drinks:
(T,FC,W)
(S)Soda
C WS (GC,C,S)
(GC,C,W) (W)Water
GC FF W S (GC,FF,S)
FC WS
(GC,FF,W)
(GC,FC,S) 3 x 3 x 2 = 18
(GC,FC,W)

DEPtEAM 4
TEAM 5RTMENT OF EDUCATION

Two balls are to be selected without replacement
from a bag that contains one red, one blue, one
green and one orange ball. This first experiment in
selecting a ball from the bag has 4 balls. The second
experiment is selecting a ball from the 3 balls that
are left in the bag after the first ball is removed.
(The word without replacement tells that the ball
selected won’t be put back)

B (R,B)
Solution: R G (R,G)
O (R,O)
R (B,G)
B G (B,G)
O (B,O)
2 BALLS
R (G,R)
G B (G,B)
O (G,O)
R (O,R) 4 x 3 = 12
O B (O,B)
G (O,G)
(The Monty Hall Problem) There are 3 doors,

behind which are two goats and a car.(A,B,C) You
pick a door. You’re hoping for the car of course.
Monty Hall, the game show host, examines the
other doors and always opens one of them with a
goat (Both doors might have goats; he’ll randomly
pick one to open)
The Monty
Hall Tree
But wait,
there’s
more…
A car and two goats are randomly
placed behind the three doors.
Choose the door with the car and
you win the car!
After selecting a door, the host

will open a door with a goat
behind it. You will have to then
decide whether you will stay with
the door you selected or switch
and select the other unopened
door.
http://www.mathwarehouse.com/monty-hall-simulation-online/
Should a contestant stay
with his/her decision or is
s/he better off changing
his/her mind?
Why it’s better to switch than to stay
A B C
Contestant’s Host will Stay Switch

Choice show…
A B or C win lose
B C lose win
C B lose win
So which is better?
Systematic Listing or
Tree Diagram?
Regional Mass Training Of Teachers
on Critical Content in
Mathematics 8
July 1–12, 2018

Big 8 Corporate Hotel, Tagum City
MA. STELLA B. CARONAN, MAT-MATH

Cabantian National High School
Let the following emulators (online) ready for tomorrow:

•Coin (emulator: http://justflipacoin.com )
•Die (emulator: http://a.teall.info/dice)
(Google play: Dice roller by Pilot Student Studios)
•Cards (emulator: http://deck-of-cards.js.org )
•Box/container with different numbers (1 – 20) (Excel File…)
•Spinner: http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/activities/AdjustableSpinner
•Box/container with different names of each group members

Activity: The Towers of Hanoi



Let us now answer the following questions:

Let us now answer the following questions:
Does everyone have the same minimum number of moves?
What pattern can you see?
Is there another way to count the minimum number of

moves without adding up the disks?

Formula:
k= n
2 – 1
Let k be the minimum number of moves
n be the number of disk
The Fundamental Counting Principle is used to find the

number of possible outcomes in a sample space.

If we have a procedure consisting of sequential

tasks T1, T2, …, Tm that can be done in n1, n2, …, nm
ways, respectively, then there are n1  n2  …  nm
ways to carry out the procedure.

Product Rule Applied
A coin and a die
1-coin toss 2-coin toss 3-coin toss
toss
• S = {H, T} • S = {(H,T), • S = {(T,T,T), •S=

• n(S) = 2 (H,H), (T,T), (H,T,H), {(H,1),(H,2),(H,
(T,H)} (H,H,T), 3),(H,4),(H,5),(
• n(S) = 4 (T,H,H), (T,T,H), H,6),(T,1),(T,2),
(T,H,T), (H,T,T) } (T,3),(T,4),(T,5),
• n(S) = 8 (T,6)
• n(S) = 12
2x2=4 2x2x2=8 2 x 6 = 12
Counting Sample Spaces
Picking a fruit
Picking a fruit Picking a fruit
from a basket of
from a basket of from a basket of
2 atis and 3
2 atis 3 chicos
chicos
• S = {a1, a2} • S = {c1, c2, c3} • S = {a1, a2, c1,
• n(S) = 2 • n(S) = 3 c2, c3}
• n(S) = 5
If we have tasks T1, T2, …, Tm that can be done in

n1, n2, …, nm ways, respectively, and no two of
these tasks can be done at the same time, then
there are n1 + n2 + … + nm ways to do one of these
tasks.
Sum Rule Applied
Picking a fruit
Picking a fruit Picking a fruit
from a basket of
from a basket of from a basket of
2 atis and 3
2 atis 3 chicos
chicos
• S = {a1, a2} • S = {c1, c2, c3} • S = {a1, a2, c1,
• n(S) = 2 • n(S) = 3 c2, c3}
• n(S) = 5
2+3=5

Events should be
mutually exclusive
If we have tasksT1, to
T2each
, …,other.
Tm that
can be done in
n1, n2, …, nm ways, respectively, and no two of
these tasks can be done at the same time, then
there are n1 + n2 + … + nm ways to do one of these
tasks.
Counting Sample Spaces
Picking an atis and a chico
Picking a fruit from a basket
from a basket of 2 atis and 3
of 2 atis and 3 chicos
chicos
• S = {a1, a2, c1, c2, c3} • S = {(a1,c1), (a1,c2), (a1,c3),

• n(S) = 5 (a2,c1), (a2,c2), (a2,c3)}
• n(S) = 6
2+3=5 2x3=6
An atis OR a chico An atis AND a chico

A passenger wants to go to Tacloban

from Manila. If there are 4 buses from
Manila to Sorsogon, 4 Ships from
Sorsogon to Tacloban and 3 flights
from Manila to Tacloban. In how
many ways can a passenger go to
Tacloban from Manila?
4 x 4 + 3 = 19
Answer: 19 ways
BUS SHIP AIRPLANE
S1 (B1S1)
S2 (B1S2)
16 WAYS BUS & SHIP + 3
+ 3 DIRECT FLIGHTS
B1
S3 (B1S3)
S4 (B1S4)
FLIGHTS = 19 WAYS
MNLA TO TACLOBAN
S1 (B2S1)
S2 (B2S2)
B2
S3
S4
(B2S3)
(B2S4) 4 x 4 + 3 = 19
S1 (B3S1)
B3
S2
S3
(B3S2)
(B3S3)
16 + 3 = 19
Answer: 19 ways
S4 (B3,S4)
S1 (B4S1)
S2 (B4S2)
B4
S3 (B4S3)
S4 (B4S4)

A student went to the mall and was
about to buy 5 different shirts, 6
different shorts and 4 different pants.
When she was about to pay at the
cashier, she found out that her money
can only pay for only one type of
clothing. In how many ways can she
choose what to buy?
5 + 6 + 4 = 15
Answer: 15 ways
Ulap wants to travel from Town A to Town C via Town B.

She can choose from 3 bus services or 2 train services
to travel from A to B. From B, she can choose from 2
bus services or 2 train services to head to C.
A. In how many ways can she travel from A to B? 3 + 2 = 5 ways

B. In how many ways can she travel form B to C? 2 + 2 = 4 ways
C. In how many ways can she travel from A to C via B? 5 x 4 = 20 ways

In how many ways can a chairman and a

vice-chairman be chosen in a
committee composed of 5 students?
5 X 4 = 20
Vice-Chairman
Chairman
Answer: 20 ways
In how many ways can 7

students be seated in a row?
7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 5040 ways
Seat 1 Seat 2 Seat 3 Seat 4 Seat 5 Seat 6 Seat 7
In how many ways can 7 students be

arranged in a row if there are only 3
seats?
7 x 6 x 5 = 210 ways
Seat 1 Seat 2 Seat 3
In how many ways can 7 students be

arranged in a row if two students
insisted on seating beside each other?
A B C D E FG
inseparable
6 . 5 . 4 . 3. 2 . 1 . 2 . 1 = 1440 ways

In how many ways can 5 flags be

arranged in a row?
5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120 ways

In how many ways can a blue flag, a

yellow flag, a white flag and 2 distinct
red flags be arranged in a row?
Solution:
B . Y. W . R1 . R2
5. 4. 3. 2. 1 = 120
2 . 1 2
= 60 ways

Activity: Mathsy Bee

1. Each group will be given mini whiteboards and markers.
2. Questions will be categorized as Easy, Average, Difficult and
Very Difficult.
3. Easy questions will be answered for 15 seconds.
•Average questions will be answered for 30 seconds.
•Difficult questions will be answered for 60 seconds.
•Very difficult questions can be answered as many times as they
can for a span of 3 minutes per question
4. The one who will get the highest score will win the game.


DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 1 1,1
2 (1,2)
1.In how many ways can a traveller 1
3 (1,3)
go to city C from city A if there

4 (1,4)
5 (1,5)
are three roads from A to B and 6 (1,6)
1 (2,1)
six roads from B to C? 2 (2,2)
2 3 (2,3)
ROAD 4 (2,4)
Sol. 3 (A to B) x 6 (B to C) = 18 ways 5 (2,5)
6 (2,6)
1 (3,1)
2 (3,2)
3 3 (3,3)
4 (3,4)
5 (3,5)
6 (3,6)

2. In an election for SSG president, there are 7

female candidates and 5 male candidates. How many
ways can a student vote for their SSG president?
Sol. 7 (females) + 5 (males) = 12 ways

GENDER
M F
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(M,1) (M,2) (M,3) (M,4) (M,5) (F,1) (F,2) (F,3) (F,4) (F,5) (F,6) (F,7)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION T T TTTTT
T F TTTTF
F T TTTFT
3. In how many ways can F TTTFF

T T TTFTT
T F TTFTF
a student answer a 5-
F T TTFFT
F F TTFFF
T T TFTTT
item true or false exam?

T F TFTTF
T T TFTFT
F F
Answer : 32 ways
TFTFF
F T TFFTT
T F TFFTF
F T TFFFT
TRUE OR F F TFFFF
FALSE T T FTTTT
T F FTTTF
F T FTTFT
T F FTTFF
T T FTFTT
F F FTFTF
F T FTFFT
F F FTFFF
T T FFTTT
T F FFTTF
F T FFTFT
F F FFTFF
T T FFFTT
F F FFFTF
F T FFFFT
F FFFFF

4.A student can choose one math project from one

of three lists. The three lists contain 50, 25 and
39 possible choices. How many possible projects
are there to choose from?
Solution: 50 + 25 + 39 = 114 possible projects

4.A coin is tossed 4 times, how many possible H HHHH
outcomes will it have? H

H T HHHT
T H HHTH
T HHTT
H H HTHH
Sol. 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16 outcomes H T HTHT
T H HTTH
T T HTTT
ROAD H THHH
H T THHT
H H THTH
T T THTT
T H TTHH
H T TTHT
T H TTTH
T T TTTT


1.How many 2-digit numbers can you form using the

digits 2,3,4,6,1,0 if:
a. the digits are not repeated?
Sol. 5 x 5 = 25 (note: zero is not included as 1st-digit)
b. the number formed is odd?
Sol. { 1,3} are odd numbers
5 x 2 = 10 ways
c. the number formed is even?
Sol. {0,2,4,6} are even numbers
5 x 4 = 20 ways
2.There are 5 direct flights from Manila to Roxas. 3

bus schedules from Manila to Romblon and 4 ship
schedules from Romblon to Roxas. How many ways can
a person travel from Manila to Roxas?
Sol.
4 x 3 + 5 = 17 ways

3. A computer password consists of 2 lower case

letters followed by 3 digits. How passwords are
possible if:
a. Repetitions are not allowed?
Sol. 26 x 25 x 10 x 9 x 8 = 468, 000 passwords
b. Repetitions are not allowed and letter

containing lower case vowels only?
Sol. 5 x 4 x 10 x 9 x 8 = 14,400 passwords

3. A computer password consists of 2 lower case

letters followed by 3 digits. How passwords are
possible if:
c. Repetitions are not allowed and the digits
form a 3-digit number?
Sol. 26 x 25 x 9 x 9 x 8 = 421,200


1. How many numbers can you form using the digits
2,3,4,6,5,1,0 if the digits formed are:
a. Numbers less than 100 with non repeating
digits?
Sol. 6 x 6 +7 = 43 numbers
b. 2-digit non-repeating numbers divisible by 5?

Answer: 11 ways


2,3,4,6,5,1,0 if the digits formed are:
c. Even numbers with non-repeating digits greater
than 500 but less than 2000?
2. A group of 8 students is arranged in a row of 3

chairs. In how many ways they can be arranged?
Sol. 8x7x6x5x4x3x2x1 = 336 ways
5x4x3x2x1

4. There are 7 Harry Potter books, 3 Lord of the

Rings book and 4 Twilight books. How many possible
arrangements can be made if only 5 books will fit the
bookshelf?
Answer: 240,240 ways




2,3,4,6,5,1,0 if the numbers formed are:
a. Even numbers with non repeating digits?
Answer: 6850 ways
b. Odd numbers with non repeating digits?
Answer: 4893 ways

2. There are 7 Harry Potter (HP) books, 3 Lord of the

Rings(LOTR) book and 4 Twilight(T) books. How many
possible arrangements in a bookshelf can be made if
same novels(HP,LOTR,T) are grouped together?
Sol. (7! 3! 4! )(3!) or
{(7.6.5.4.3.2.1)(3.2.1)(4.3.2.1)}(3.2.1) = 4,354,560

3. There are five students who are arranged to sit in

a row of 5 chairs for a picture taking. However,
two of these students insisted of being seated at
least one seat apart. In how many ways can the
photographer arrange these students?
Sol. 5! – (4! 2!) or

5.4.3.2.1 – (4.3.2.1)(2.1) = 72 ways



Group Activity
Each group will be given the following materials/please open the
assigned downloaded emulators:
GROUP 1: COIN
GROUP 2: DIE
GROUP 3: CARDS
GROUP 4: BOX/EXCEL FILE WITH RANDOM NOS.
1 - 20
GROUP 5: SPINNER
GROUP 6: BOX/EXCEL FILE WITH 20 RANDOM
NAMES
Coin

Die (1pc)/ Dice (2pcs or more)

Playing Cards

Spinner

The theoretical probability of event E is the

ratio of the number of outcomes in E to the
total number of outcomes in the sample
space S.
Number of outcomes in event E nE

PE  
Total number of outcomes in the sample space S n  S 

Assumes all outcomes are

equally likely.

• Based on collected observations

• Represents the relative frequency of an event.
• As the number of repetitions of an experiment
increases, Empirical Probability of E → Theoretical
Probability of E
AWhat
die is is P(5)?100 times. The following
tossed
outcomes were recorded on the table
Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5 6
below.
No. of times
Outcomes 25 125 215 320 410 55 6
appeared
No. of times
25 25 15 20 10 5
appeared
10
Based
100on this table what is the
probability that the die will have an
1
Answer:
outcome of 5? ways
10
A relative frequency distribution of

scores of a Grade 8 class in a 6 item
test is provided in the table below.
If the passing score is 4, what is the

probability that a randomly picked
student in that class passed the
test?
Answer:
Activity
KAKASA KA BA SA PROBA?

Identify whether the following situations involve

theoretical or experimental probability then solve its
probability .

During a basketball practice, Zach

shoots 7 balls out of 13 tries. What is
the probability that Zach will shoot the
next ball?
Answer: Experimental
What is the probability of choosing

a heart suit card in a standard deck
of cards?
Answer: Theoretical
During a basketball practice, Zach

shoots 7 balls out of 13 tries. What is
the probability that Zach will shoot the
next ball?
What is the probability of choosing

a heart suit card in a standard deck
of cards?
Answer: Theoretical

Out of 840 spins, about

how many times should
the arrow is expected
to land on the white
sector?

Out of 840 spins, about

how many times should
the arrow is expected
to land on the white
sector?










How many students chose Science?

Answer: 4 students
Which subject did most of the students chose?

How many?
Answer: Filipino by 11
How many students did not choose any

subject?
Answer: 8 students
There are blue, red and green marbles in an

urn. If there are 7 blue marble, the probability
of getting a blue marble is 1/6 and the
probability of getting a red marble is 5/7 , then
how many green marbles are there in the urn?
There are 15 red cards, some blue cards and

some white cards in a box. If the probability of
drawing a blue card is 1/8 and the probability
of drawing a white card is twice the probability
of getting a blue card, how many cards are
there in the box?
In probability, we have to remember the following:
The probability is a number between 0 and 1

The probability of the certain event is 1
 The probability of the impossible event is 0
In symbols:

Complement Rule
If the probability that event A

will happen is a, then the
probability that event A will not
happen is 1 – a.
If there is 15% chance of failing a

certain test in Math, what is the
probability of passing that test?

There are 3 men and 4women in a

committee. What is the probability that
the chosen chairman and vice-
chairman in the committee are both
men?






4. Grade 8 class teacher picks a random student in

class. If there are 15 males and 22 females in the
class, what is the probability that a female student
will be picked.
5. Issam and Ian are playing rock-paper-scissors game.
What is the probability that Issam will win the first
round?
6. Two standard dice are rolled. What is the probability
of the sum on the two dice is greater than or equal
to 8?










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Regional Mass Training Of Teachers

July 1–12, 2018

MA. STELLA B. CARONAN, MAT-MATH

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• The length of the wall has

•BABY BOOMER - 1946 – 1964

McCrincdle Research 2012

McCrincdle Research 2012

McCrincdle Research 2012

McCrincdle Research 2012

McCrincdle Research 2012

Finding a Drawing a red

The date after

The date after

Someone The date after

Drawing a Drawing an Drawing a Drawing a

Drawing a Drawing an Drawing a Drawing a

MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS NON-MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

Drawing a Drawing an Drawing a Drawing a

MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS NON-MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

•The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment

Choosing a number from 1 to 3, a letter from A to C, and one of

SYSTEMATIC LISTING TREE DIAGRAM

travel arrangements if he is Tc Tn (Tc,B,Tn)

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

A new restaurant has opened, and they offer lunch

Sandwiches: Chicken salad, Turkey, Grilled Cheese

(T,C,W) (FF)French fries

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

TEAM 5RTMENT OF EDUCATION

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

(The Monty Hall Problem) There are 3 doors,

After selecting a door, the host

Contestant’s Host will Stay Switch

July 1–12, 2018

MA. STELLA B. CARONAN, MAT-MATH

Let the following emulators (online) ready for tomorrow:

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Activity: The Towers of Hanoi

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Activity: The Towers of Hanoi

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Activity: The Towers of Hanoi

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Let us now answer the following questions:

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Let us now answer the following questions:

Does everyone have the same minimum number of moves?

What pattern can you see?

Is there another way to count the minimum number of

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

The Fundamental Counting Principle is used to find the

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

If we have a procedure consisting of sequential

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• S = {H, T} • S = {(H,T), • S = {(T,T,T), •S=

If we have tasks T1, T2, …, Tm that can be done in

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• S = {a1, a2, c1, c2, c3} • S = {(a1,c1), (a1,c2), (a1,c3),

An atis OR a chico An atis AND a chico